Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. Turner Request for Comments: 8608 sn3rd Obsoletes: 8208 O. Borchert Updates: 7935 NIST Category: Standards Track June 2019 ISSN: 2070-1721 BGPsec Algorithms, Key Formats, and Signature Formats Abstract This document specifies the algorithms, algorithm parameters, asymmetric key formats, asymmetric key sizes, and signature formats used in BGPsec (Border Gateway Protocol Security). This document updates RFC 7935 ("The Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for Use in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure") and obsoletes RFC 8208 ("BGPsec Algorithms, Key Formats, and Signature Formats") by adding Documentation and Experimentation Algorithm IDs, correcting the range of unassigned algorithms IDs to fill the complete range, and restructuring the document for better reading. This document also includes example BGPsec UPDATE messages as well as the private keys used to generate the messages and the certificates necessary to validate those signatures. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8608. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2. Changes from RFC 8208 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Algorithm ID Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Signature Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.1. Algorithm ID 0x01 (1) - (ECDSA P-256) . . . . . . . . 6 3. Asymmetric Key Pair Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1. Asymmetric Key Pair for Algorithm ID 0x01 (1) - (ECDSA P-256) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.1. Public Key Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.2. Private Key Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. Signature Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Additional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 A.1. Topology and Experiment Description . . . . . . . . . . . 12 A.2. Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 A.3. BGPsec IPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 A.4. BGPsec IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 1. Introduction This document specifies the following: o the digital signature algorithm and parameters, o the hash algorithm and parameters, o the algorithm identifier assignment and classification, o the public and private key formats, and o the signature formats used by Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Certification Authorities (CAs) and BGPsec (Border Gateway Protocol Security) speakers (i.e., routers). CAs use these algorithms when processing requests for BGPsec Router Certificates [RFC8209]. Examples of when BGPsec routers use these algorithms include requesting BGPsec certificates [RFC8209], signing BGPsec UPDATE messages [RFC8205], and verifying signatures on BGPsec UPDATE messages [RFC8205]. This document updates [RFC7935] to add support for a) a different algorithm for BGPsec certificate requests, which are issued only by BGPsec speakers; b) a different Subject Public Key Info format for BGPsec certificates, which is needed for the specified BGPsec signature algorithm; and c) different signature formats for BGPsec signatures, which are needed for the specified BGPsec signature algorithm. The BGPsec certificates are differentiated from other RPKI certificates by the use of the BGPsec Extended Key Usage as defined in [RFC8209]. BGPsec uses a different algorithm [RFC6090] [DSS] from the rest of the RPKI to provide similar security with smaller keys, making the certificates smaller; these algorithms also result in smaller signatures, which make the PDUs smaller. Appendix A (non-normative) contains example BGPsec UPDATE messages as well as the private keys used to generate the messages and the certificates necessary to validate the signatures. 1.1. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 1.2. Changes from RFC 8208 This section describes the significant changes between [RFC8208] and this document. o Added Section 2.1 containing Algorithm ID types. Also, the interpretation of these IDs is described. o Restructured Sections 2 and 3 to align with the corresponding algorithm suite identifier value. o Corrected the range for unassigned algorithm suite identifier values. o Added Documentation algorithm suite identifier values. o Added Experimentation algorithm suite identifier values. o Changed the next-hop IP in Appendix A's IPv6 example to use a private usage IPv6 address. 2. Algorithms The algorithms used to compute signatures on CA certificates, BGPsec Router Certificates, and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) are as specified in Section 2 of [RFC7935]. This section addresses algorithms used by BGPsec [RFC8205] [DSS]. For example, these algorithms are used by BGPsec routers to sign and verify BGPsec UPDATE messages. To identify which algorithm is used, the BGPsec UPDATE message contains the corresponding algorithm ID in each Signature_Block of the BGPsec UPDATE message. 2.1. Algorithm ID Types Algorithms in BGPsec UPDATE messages are identified by the Algorithm Suite Identifier field (algorithm ID) within the Signature_Block (see Section 3.2 of [RFC8205]). This document specifies five types of Algorithm IDs: o Reserved Algorithm ID Reserved algorithm IDs are the values 0x00 (0) and 0xFF (255). These IDs MUST NOT be used in a Signature_Block, and if encountered, the router MUST treat BGPsec UPDATE messages as malformed [RFC4271]. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 o Signature Algorithm ID Signature algorithms are defined in Section 2.2 of this document. Processing of BGPsec UPDATE signing and validation using signature algorithms is described at length in Sections 4.2 and 5.2 of [RFC8205]. o Unassigned Algorithm ID This type of Algorithm ID is free for future assignments and MUST NOT be used until an algorithm is officially assigned (see Section 7). In case a router encounters an unassigned algorithm ID in one of the Signature_Blocks of a BGPsec UPDATE message, the router SHOULD process the Signature_Block as an unsupported algorithm as specified in Section 5.2 of [RFC8205]. o Experimentation Algorithm ID Experimentation algorithm IDs span from 0xF7 (247) to 0xFA (250). To allow experimentation to accurately describe deployment examples, the use of publicly assigned algorithm IDs is inappropriate, and a reserved block of Experimentation algorithm IDs is required. This ensures that experimentation does not clash with assigned algorithm IDs in deployed networks and mitigates the risks to operational integrity of the network through inappropriate use of experimentation to perform literal configuration of routing elements on production systems. A router that encounters an algorithm ID of this type outside of an experimental network SHOULD treat it the same as an unsupported algorithm as specified in Section 5.2 of [RFC8205]. o Documentation Algorithm ID Documentation algorithm IDs span from 0xFB (251) to 0xFE (254). To allow documentation to accurately describe deployment examples, the use of publicly assigned algorithm IDs is inappropriate, and a reserved block of Documentation algorithm IDs is required. This ensures that documentation does not clash with assigned algorithm IDs in deployed networks and mitigates the risks to operational integrity of the network through inappropriate use of documentation to perform literal configuration of routing elements on production systems. A router that encounters an algorithm ID of this type SHOULD treat it the same as an unsupported algorithm as specified in Section 5.2 of [RFC8205]. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 2.2. Signature Algorithms 2.2.1. Algorithm ID 0x01 (1) - (ECDSA P-256) o The signature algorithm used MUST be the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) with curve P-256 [RFC6090] [DSS]. o The hash algorithm used MUST be SHA-256 [SHS]. Hash algorithms are not identified by themselves in certificates or BGPsec UPDATE messages. They are represented by an OID that combines the hash algorithm with the digital signature algorithm as follows: o The ecdsa-with-SHA256 OID [RFC5480] MUST appear in the Public-Key Cryptography Standards #10 (PKCS #10) signatureAlgorithm field [RFC2986] or in the Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF) POPOSigningKey algorithm field [RFC4211]; where the OID is placed depends on the certificate request format generated. o In BGPsec UPDATE messages, the ECDSA with SHA-256 algorithm suite identifier value 0x01 (1) (see Section 7) is included in the Signature_Block List's Algorithm Suite Identifier field. 3. Asymmetric Key Pair Formats The key formats used to compute signatures on CA certificates, BGPsec Router Certificates, and CRLs are as specified in Section 3 of [RFC7935]. This section addresses key formats found in the BGPsec Router Certificate requests and in BGPsec Router Certificates. 3.1. Asymmetric Key Pair for Algorithm ID 0x01 (1) - (ECDSA P-256) The ECDSA private keys used to compute signatures for certificate requests and BGPsec UPDATE messages MUST be associated with the P-256 elliptic curve domain parameters [RFC5480]. The public key pair MUST use the uncompressed form. 3.1.1. Public Key Format The Subject's public key is included in subjectPublicKeyInfo [RFC5280]. It has two sub-fields: algorithm and subjectPublicKey. The values for the structures and their sub-structures follow: o algorithm (an AlgorithmIdentifier type): The id-ecPublicKey OID MUST be used in the algorithm field, as specified in Section 2.1.1 of [RFC5480]. The value for the associated parameters MUST be secp256r1, as specified in Section 2.1.1.1 of [RFC5480]. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 o subjectPublicKey: ECPoint MUST be used to encode the certificate's subjectPublicKey field, as specified in Section 2.2 of [RFC5480]. 3.1.2. Private Key Format Local policy determines private key format. 4. Signature Formats The structure for the certificate's and CRL's signature field MUST be as specified in Section 4 of [RFC7935]; this is the same format used by other RPKI certificates. The structure for the certification request's and BGPsec UPDATE message's signature field MUST be as specified in Section 2.2.3 of [RFC3279]. 5. Additional Requirements It is anticipated that BGPsec will require the adoption of updated key sizes and a different set of signature and hash algorithms over time, in order to maintain an acceptable level of cryptographic security. This profile should be updated to specify such future requirements, when appropriate. The recommended procedures to implement such a transition of key sizes and algorithms are specified in [RFC6916]. 6. Security Considerations The security considerations of [RFC3279], [RFC5480], [RFC6090], [RFC7935], and [RFC8209] apply to certificates. The security considerations of [RFC3279], [RFC6090], [RFC7935], and [RFC8209] apply to certification requests. The security considerations of [RFC3279], [RFC6090], and [RFC8205] apply to BGPsec UPDATE messages. No new security considerations are introduced as a result of this specification. 7. IANA Considerations The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has created the "BGPsec Algorithm Suites" registry in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) group. The one-octet algorithm suite identifiers assigned by IANA identify the digest algorithm and signature algorithm used in the BGPsec Signature_Block List's Algorithm Suite Identifier field. Per [RFC8208], IANA registered a single algorithm suite identifier for the digest algorithm SHA-256 [SHS] and for the signature algorithm ECDSA on the P-256 curve [RFC6090] [DSS]. This identifier Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 is still valid, and IANA has updated the registration to refer to this document. IANA has modified the range of the "Unassigned" address space from "0x2-0xEF" to "0x02-0xF6": Algorithm Digest Signature Specification Suite Algorithm Algorithm Pointer Identifier +------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------------+ | 0x02-0xF6 | Unassigned | Unassigned | | +------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------------+ In addition, IANA has registered the following address spaces for "Experimentation" and "Documentation": Algorithm Digest Signature Specification Suite Algorithm Algorithm Pointer Identifier +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0xF7-0xFA | Experimentation | Experimentation | This document | +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0xFB-0xFE | Documentation | Documentation | This document | +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ The "BGPsec Algorithm Suites" registry in the RPKI group now contains the following values: Algorithm Digest Signature Specification Suite Algorithm Algorithm Pointer Identifier +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0x00 | Reserved | Reserved | This document | +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0x01 | SHA-256 | ECDSA P-256 | [SHS] [DSS] | | | | | [RFC6090] | | | | | This document | +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0x02-0xF6 | Unassigned | Unassigned | | +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0xF7-0xFA | Experimentation | Experimentation | This document | +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0xFB-0xFE | Documentation | Documentation | This document | +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0xFF | Reserved | Reserved | This document | +------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+ Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 Future assignments are to be made using the Standards Action process defined in [RFC8126]. Assignments consist of the one-octet algorithm suite identifier value and the associated digest algorithm name and signature algorithm name. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC2986] Nystrom, M. and B. Kaliski, "PKCS #10: Certification Request Syntax Specification Version 1.7", RFC 2986, DOI 10.17487/RFC2986, November 2000, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2986>. [RFC3279] Bassham, L., Polk, W., and R. Housley, "Algorithms and Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 3279, DOI 10.17487/RFC3279, April 2002, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3279>. [RFC4211] Schaad, J., "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF)", RFC 4211, DOI 10.17487/RFC4211, September 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4211>. [RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, DOI 10.17487/RFC4271, January 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>. [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>. [RFC5480] Turner, S., Brown, D., Yiu, K., Housley, R., and T. Polk, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key Information", RFC 5480, DOI 10.17487/RFC5480, March 2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5480>. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 [RFC6090] McGrew, D., Igoe, K., and M. Salter, "Fundamental Elliptic Curve Cryptography Algorithms", RFC 6090, DOI 10.17487/RFC6090, February 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6090>. [RFC6916] Gagliano, R., Kent, S., and S. Turner, "Algorithm Agility Procedure for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)", BCP 182, RFC 6916, DOI 10.17487/RFC6916, April 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6916>. [RFC7935] Huston, G. and G. Michaelson, Ed., "The Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for Use in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure", RFC 7935, DOI 10.17487/RFC7935, August 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7935>. [RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>. [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. [RFC8205] Lepinski, M., Ed. and K. Sriram, Ed., "BGPsec Protocol Specification", RFC 8205, DOI 10.17487/RFC8205, September 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8205>. [RFC8208] Turner, S. and O. Borchert, "BGPsec Algorithms, Key Formats, and Signature Formats", RFC 8208, DOI 10.17487/RFC8208, September 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8208>. [RFC8209] Reynolds, M., Turner, S., and S. Kent, "A Profile for BGPsec Router Certificates, Certificate Revocation Lists, and Certification Requests", RFC 8209, DOI 10.17487/RFC8209, September 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8209>. [DSS] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Digital Signature Standard (DSS)", NIST FIPS Publication 186-4, DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.186-4, July 2013, <https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/ NIST.FIPS.186-4.pdf>. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 [SHS] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Secure Hash Standard (SHS)", NIST FIPS Publication 180-4, DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.180-4, August 2015, <https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/ NIST.FIPS.180-4.pdf>. 8.2. Informative References [RFC5398] Huston, G., "Autonomous System (AS) Number Reservation for Documentation Use", RFC 5398, DOI 10.17487/RFC5398, December 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5398>. [RFC6979] Pornin, T., "Deterministic Usage of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)", RFC 6979, DOI 10.17487/RFC6979, August 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6979>. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 11]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 Appendix A. Examples A.1. Topology and Experiment Description Topology: AS(64496)----AS(65536)----AS(65537) Prefix Announcement: AS(64496), 192.0.2.0/24, 2001:db8::/32 The signature algorithm used in this example is ECDSA P-256, using the algorithm suite identifier ID 0x01 (1) as specified in Section 7 of this document. A.2. Keys For this example, the ECDSA algorithm was provided with a static k to make the result deterministic. The k used for all signature operations was taken from [RFC6979], Appendix A.2.5, "Signatures With SHA-256, message = 'sample'". Note: Even though the certificates below are expired, they are still useful within the constraint of this document. k = A6E3C57DD01ABE90086538398355DD4C 3B17AA873382B0F24D6129493D8AAD60 Keys of AS64496: ================ ski: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154 private key: x = D8AA4DFBE2478F86E88A7451BF075565 709C575AC1C136D081C540254CA440B9 public key: Ux = 7391BABB92A0CB3BE10E59B19EBFFB21 4E04A91E0CBA1B139A7D38D90F77E55A Uy = A05B8E695678E0FA16904B55D9D4F5C0 DFC58895EE50BC4F75D205A25BD36FF5 Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 12]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 Router Key Certificate example using OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 38655612 (0x24dd67c) Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 Issuer: CN=ROUTER-0000FBF0 Validity Not Before: Jan 1 05:00:00 2017 GMT Not After : Jul 1 05:00:00 2018 GMT Subject: CN=ROUTER-0000FBF0 Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey Public-Key: (256 bit) pub: 04:73:91:ba:bb:92:a0:cb:3b:e1:0e:59:b1:9e:bf: fb:21:4e:04:a9:1e:0c:ba:1b:13:9a:7d:38:d9:0f: 77:e5:5a:a0:5b:8e:69:56:78:e0:fa:16:90:4b:55: d9:d4:f5:c0:df:c5:88:95:ee:50:bc:4f:75:d2:05: a2:5b:d3:6f:f5 ASN1 OID: prime256v1 X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Key Usage: Digital Signature X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: AB:4D:91:0F:55:CA:E7:1A:21:5E: F3:CA:FE:3A:CC:45:B5:EE:C1:54 X509v3 Extended Key Usage: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.30 sbgp-autonomousSysNum: critical Autonomous System Numbers: 64496 Routing Domain Identifiers: inherit Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 30:44:02:20:07:b7:b4:6a:5f:a4:f1:cc:68:36:39:03:a4:83: ec:7c:80:02:d2:f6:08:9d:46:b2:ec:2a:7b:e6:92:b3:6f:b1: 02:20:00:91:05:4a:a1:f5:b0:18:9d:27:24:e8:b4:22:fd:d1: 1c:f0:3d:b1:38:24:5d:64:29:35:28:8d:ee:0c:38:29 Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 13]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIBiDCCAS+gAwIBAgIEAk3WfDAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjAaMRgwFgYDVQQDDA9ST1VU RVItMDAwMEZCRjAwHhcNMTcwMTAxMDUwMDAwWhcNMTgwNzAxMDUwMDAwWjAaMRgw FgYDVQQDDA9ST1VURVItMDAwMEZCRjAwWTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNC AARzkbq7kqDLO+EOWbGev/shTgSpHgy6GxOafTjZD3flWqBbjmlWeOD6FpBLVdnU 9cDfxYiV7lC8T3XSBaJb02/1o2MwYTALBgNVHQ8EBAMCB4AwHQYDVR0OBBYEFKtN kQ9VyucaIV7zyv46zEW17sFUMBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMeMB4GCCsGAQUF BwEIAQH/BA8wDaAHMAUCAwD78KECBQAwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIDRwAwRAIgB7e0al+k 8cxoNjkDpIPsfIAC0vYInUay7Cp75pKzb7ECIACRBUqh9bAYnSck6LQi/dEc8D2x OCRdZCk1KI3uDDgp -----END CERTIFICATE----- Keys of AS(65536): ================== ski: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC private key: x = 6CB2E931B112F24554BCDCAAFD9553A9 519A9AF33C023B60846A21FC95583172 public key: Ux = 28FC5FE9AFCF5F4CAB3F5F85CB212FC1 E9D0E0DBEAEE425BD2F0D3175AA0E989 Uy = EA9B603E38F35FB329DF495641F2BA04 0F1C3AC6138307F257CBA6B8B588F41F Router Key Certificate example using OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 3752143940 (0xdfa52c44) Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 Issuer: CN=ROUTER-00010000 Validity Not Before: Jan 1 05:00:00 2017 GMT Not After : Jul 1 05:00:00 2018 GMT Subject: CN=ROUTER-00010000 Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey Public-Key: (256 bit) pub: 04:28:fc:5f:e9:af:cf:5f:4c:ab:3f:5f:85:cb:21: 2f:c1:e9:d0:e0:db:ea:ee:42:5b:d2:f0:d3:17:5a: a0:e9:89:ea:9b:60:3e:38:f3:5f:b3:29:df:49:56: 41:f2:ba:04:0f:1c:3a:c6:13:83:07:f2:57:cb:a6: b8:b5:88:f4:1f ASN1 OID: prime256v1 Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 14]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Key Usage: Digital Signature X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 47:F2:3B:F1:AB:2F:8A:9D:26:86: 4E:BB:D8:DF:27:11:C7:44:06:EC X509v3 Extended Key Usage: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.30 sbgp-autonomousSysNum: critical Autonomous System Numbers: 65536 Routing Domain Identifiers: inherit Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 30:45:02:21:00:8c:d9:f8:12:96:88:82:74:03:a1:82:82:18: c5:31:00:ee:35:38:e8:fa:ae:72:09:fe:98:67:01:78:69:77: 8c:02:20:5f:ee:3a:bf:10:66:be:28:d3:b3:16:a1:6b:db:66: 21:99:ed:a6:e4:ad:64:3c:ba:bf:44:fb:cb:b7:50:91:74 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIBijCCATCgAwIBAgIFAN+lLEQwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIwGjEYMBYGA1UEAwwPUk9V VEVSLTAwMDEwMDAwMB4XDTE3MDEwMTA1MDAwMFoXDTE4MDcwMTA1MDAwMFowGjEY MBYGA1UEAwwPUk9VVEVSLTAwMDEwMDAwMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcD QgAEKPxf6a/PX0yrP1+FyyEvwenQ4Nvq7kJb0vDTF1qg6Ynqm2A+OPNfsynfSVZB 8roEDxw6xhODB/JXy6a4tYj0H6NjMGEwCwYDVR0PBAQDAgeAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRH 8jvxqy+KnSaGTrvY3ycRx0QG7DATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDHjAeBggrBgEF BQcBCAEB/wQPMA2gBzAFAgMBAAChAgUAMAoGCCqGSM49BAMCA0gAMEUCIQCM2fgS loiCdAOhgoIYxTEA7jU46Pqucgn+mGcBeGl3jAIgX+46vxBmvijTsxaha9tmIZnt puStZDy6v0T7y7dQkXQ= -----END CERTIFICATE----- Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 15]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 A.3. BGPsec IPv4 BGPsec IPv4 UPDATE from AS(65536) to AS(65537): =============================================== Binary Form of BGPsec UPDATE (TCP-DUMP): FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 01 03 02 00 00 00 EC 40 01 01 02 80 04 04 00 00 00 00 80 0E 0D 00 01 01 04 C6 33 64 64 00 18 C0 00 02 90 1E 00 CD 00 0E 01 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 FB F0 00 BF 01 47 F2 3B F1 AB 2F 8A 9D 26 86 4E BB D8 DF 27 11 C7 44 06 EC 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 90 F2 C1 29 AB B2 F3 9B 6A 07 96 3B D5 55 A8 7A B2 B7 33 3B 7B 91 F1 66 8F D8 61 8C 83 FA C3 F1 AB 4D 91 0F 55 CA E7 1A 21 5E F3 CA FE 3A CC 45 B5 EE C1 54 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 8E 21 F6 0E 44 C6 06 6C 8B 8A 95 A3 C0 9D 3A D4 37 95 85 A2 D7 28 EE AD 07 A1 7E D7 AA 05 5E CA Signature from AS(64496) to AS(65536): -------------------------------------- Digest: 21 33 E5 CA A0 26 BE 07 3D 9C 1B 4E FE B9 B9 77 9F 20 F8 F5 DE 29 FA 98 40 00 9F 60 47 D0 81 54 Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 8E 21 F6 0E 44 C6 06 6C 8B 8A 95 A3 C0 9D 3A D4 37 95 85 A2 D7 28 EE AD 07 A1 7E D7 AA 05 5E CA Signature from AS(65536) to AS(65537): -------------------------------------- Digest: 01 4F 24 DA E2 A5 21 90 B0 80 5C 60 5D B0 63 54 22 3E 93 BA 41 1D 3D 82 A3 EC 26 36 52 0C 5F 84 Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 90 F2 C1 29 AB B2 F3 9B 6A 07 96 3B D5 55 A8 7A B2 B7 33 3B 7B 91 F1 66 8F D8 61 8C 83 FA C3 F1 The human-readable output is produced using bgpsec-io, a BGPsec traffic generator that uses a Wireshark-like printout. Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 16]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 Send UPDATE Message +--marker: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF +--length: 259 +--type: 2 (UPDATE) +--withdrawn_routes_length: 0 +--total_path_attr_length: 236 +--ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE (4 bytes) | +--Flags: 0x40 (Well-Known, Transitive, Complete) | +--Type Code: ORIGIN (1) | +--Length: 1 byte | +--Origin: INCOMPLETE (1) +--MULTI_EXIT_DISC (7 bytes) | +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete) | +--Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4) | +--Length: 4 bytes | +--data: 00 00 00 00 +--MP_REACH_NLRI (16 bytes) | +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete) | +--Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14) | +--Length: 13 bytes | +--Address family: IPv4 (1) | +--Subsequent address family identifier: Unicast (1) | +--Next hop network address: (4 bytes) | | +--Next hop: 198.51.100.100 | +--Subnetwork points of attachment: 0 | +--Network layer reachability information: (4 bytes) | +--192.0.2.0/24 | +--MP Reach NLRI prefix length: 24 | +--MP Reach NLRI IPv4 prefix: 192.0.2.0 +--BGPSEC Path Attribute (209 bytes) +--Flags: 0x90 (Optional, Complete, Extended Length) +--Type Code: BGPSEC Path Attribute (30) +--Length: 205 bytes +--Secure Path (14 bytes) | +--Length: 14 bytes | +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes) | | +--pCount: 1 | | +--Flags: 0 | | +--AS number: 65536 (1.0) | +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes) | +--pCount: 1 | +--Flags: 0 | +--AS number: 64496 (0.64496) +--Signature Block (191 bytes) +--Length: 191 bytes +--Algo ID: 1 Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 17]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 +--Signature Segment: (94 bytes) | +--SKI: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC | +--Length: 72 bytes | +--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD | 9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E | A84EAF3716022100 90F2C129ABB2F39B | 6A07963BD555A87A B2B7333B7B91F166 | 8FD8618C83FAC3F1 +--Signature Segment: (94 bytes) +--SKI: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154 +--Length: 72 bytes +--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD 9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E A84EAF3716022100 8E21F60E44C6066C 8B8A95A3C09D3AD4 379585A2D728EEAD 07A17ED7AA055ECA A.4. BGPsec IPv6 BGPsec IPv6 UPDATE from AS(65536) to AS(65537): =============================================== Binary Form of BGP/BGPsec UPDATE (TCP-DUMP): FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 01 10 02 00 00 00 F9 40 01 01 02 80 04 04 00 00 00 00 80 0E 1A 00 02 01 10 FD 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C6 33 64 64 00 20 20 01 0D B8 90 1E 00 CD 00 0E 01 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 FB F0 00 BF 01 47 F2 3B F1 AB 2F 8A 9D 26 86 4E BB D8 DF 27 11 C7 44 06 EC 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 D1 B9 4F 62 51 04 6D 21 36 A1 05 B0 F4 72 7C C5 BC D6 74 D9 7D 28 E6 1B 8F 43 BD DE 91 C3 06 26 AB 4D 91 0F 55 CA E7 1A 21 5E F3 CA FE 3A CC 45 B5 EE C1 54 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 E2 A0 2C 68 FE 53 CB 96 93 4C 78 1F 5A 14 A2 97 19 79 20 0C 91 56 ED F8 55 05 8E 80 53 F4 AC D3 Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 18]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 Signature from AS(64496) to AS(65536): -------------------------------------- Digest: 8A 0C D3 E9 8E 55 10 45 82 1D 80 46 01 D6 55 FC 52 11 89 DF 4D B0 28 7D 84 AC FC 77 55 6D 06 C7 Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 E2 A0 2C 68 FE 53 CB 96 93 4C 78 1F 5A 14 A2 97 19 79 20 0C 91 56 ED F8 55 05 8E 80 53 F4 AC D3 Signature from AS(65536) to AS(65537): -------------------------------------- Digest: 44 49 EC 70 8D EC 5C 85 00 C2 17 8C 72 FE 4C 79 FF A9 3C 95 31 61 01 2D EE 7E EE 05 46 AF 5F D0 Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 D1 B9 4F 62 51 04 6D 21 36 A1 05 B0 F4 72 7C C5 BC D6 74 D9 7D 28 E6 1B 8F 43 BD DE 91 C3 06 26 The human-readable output is produced using bgpsec-io, a BGPsec traffic generator that uses a Wireshark-like printout. Send UPDATE Message +--marker: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF +--length: 272 +--type: 2 (UPDATE) +--withdrawn_routes_length: 0 +--total_path_attr_length: 249 +--ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE (4 bytes) | +--Flags: 0x40 (Well-Known, Transitive, Complete) | +--Type Code: ORIGIN (1) | +--Length: 1 byte | +--Origin: INCOMPLETE (1) +--MULTI_EXIT_DISC (7 bytes) | +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete) | +--Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4) | +--Length: 4 bytes | +--data: 00 00 00 00 +--MP_REACH_NLRI (29 bytes) | +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete) | +--Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14) | +--Length: 26 bytes | +--Address family: IPv6 (2) | +--Subsequent address family identifier: Unicast (1) | +--Next hop network address: (16 bytes) | | +--Next hop: fd00:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:c633:6464 | +--Subnetwork points of attachment: 0 Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 19]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 | +--Network layer reachability information: (5 bytes) | +--2001:db8::/32 | +--MP Reach NLRI prefix length: 32 | +--MP Reach NLRI IPv6 prefix: 2001:db8:: +--BGPSEC Path Attribute (209 bytes) +--Flags: 0x90 (Optional, Complete, Extended Length) +--Type Code: BGPSEC Path Attribute (30) +--Length: 205 bytes +--Secure Path (14 bytes) | +--Length: 14 bytes | +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes) | | +--pCount: 1 | | +--Flags: 0 | | +--AS number: 65536 (1.0) | +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes) | +--pCount: 1 | +--Flags: 0 | +--AS number: 64496 (0.64496) +--Signature Block (191 bytes) +--Length: 191 bytes +--Algo ID: 1 +--Signature Segment: (94 bytes) | +--SKI: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC | +--Length: 72 bytes | +--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD | 9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E | A84EAF3716022100 D1B94F6251046D21 | 36A105B0F4727CC5 BCD674D97D28E61B | 8F43BDDE91C30626 +--Signature Segment: (94 bytes) +--SKI: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154 +--Length: 72 bytes +--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD 9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E A84EAF3716022100 E2A02C68FE53CB96 934C781F5A14A297 1979200C9156EDF8 55058E8053F4ACD3 Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 20]
RFC 8608 BGPsec Algs, Key & Signature Formats June 2019 Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Geoff Huston and George Michaelson for producing [RFC7935], which this document is entirely based on. The authors would also like to thank Roque Gagliano, David Mandelberg, Tom Petch, Sam Weiler, and Stephen Kent for their reviews and comments. Mehmet Adalier, Kotikalapudi Sriram, and Doug Montgomery were instrumental in developing the test vectors found in Appendix A. Additionally, we want to thank Geoff Huston, author of [RFC5398] from which we borrowed wording for Section 2.1 of this document. Authors' Addresses Sean Turner sn3rd Email: sean@sn3rd.com Oliver Borchert NIST 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20899 United States of America Email: oliver.borchert@nist.gov Turner & Borchert Standards Track [Page 21]
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