Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Hunt, Ed.
Request for Comments: 7644 Oracle
Category: Standards Track K. Grizzle
ISSN: 2070-1721 SailPoint
M. Ansari
Cisco
E. Wahlstroem
Nexus Technology
C. Mortimore
Salesforce
September 2015
System for Cross-domain Identity Management: Protocol
Abstract
The System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM) specification
is an HTTP-based protocol that makes managing identities in multi-
domain scenarios easier to support via a standardized service.
Examples include, but are not limited to, enterprise-to-cloud service
providers and inter-cloud scenarios. The specification suite seeks
to build upon experience with existing schemas and deployments,
placing specific emphasis on simplicity of development and
integration, while applying existing authentication, authorization,
and privacy models. SCIM's intent is to reduce the cost and
complexity of user management operations by providing a common user
schema, an extension model, and a service protocol defined by this
document.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7644.
Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Overview .......................................3 1.1. Intended Audience ..........................................3 1.2. Notational Conventions .....................................4 1.3. Definitions ................................................4 2. Authentication and Authorization ................................5 2.1. Use of Tokens as Authorizations ............................7 2.2. Anonymous Requests .........................................7 3. SCIM Protocol ...................................................8 3.1. Background .................................................8 3.2. SCIM Endpoints and HTTP Methods ............................9 3.3. Creating Resources ........................................11 3.3.1. Resource Types .....................................13 3.4. Retrieving Resources ......................................13 3.4.1. Retrieving a Known Resource ........................14 3.4.2. Query Resources ....................................15 3.4.3. Querying Resources Using HTTP POST .................27 3.5. Modifying Resources .......................................29 3.5.1. Replacing with PUT .................................30 3.5.2. Modifying with PATCH ...............................32 3.6. Deleting Resources ........................................48 3.7. Bulk Operations ...........................................49 3.7.1. Circular Reference Processing ......................51 3.7.2. "bulkId" Temporary Identifiers .....................53 3.7.3. Response and Error Handling ........................58 3.7.4. Maximum Operations .................................63 3.8. Data Input/Output Formats .................................64 3.9. Additional Operation Response Parameters ..................64 3.10. Attribute Notation .......................................66 3.11. "/Me" Authenticated Subject Alias ........................66 Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.12. HTTP Status and Error Response Handling ..................67 3.13. SCIM Protocol Versioning .................................71 3.14. Versioning Resources .....................................71 4. Service Provider Configuration Endpoints .......................73 5. Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings ........76 6. Multi-Tenancy ..................................................76 6.1. Associating Clients to Tenants ............................77 6.2. SCIM Identifiers with Multiple Tenants ....................78 7. Security Considerations ........................................78 7.1. HTTP Considerations .......................................78 7.2. TLS Support Considerations ................................78 7.3. Authorization Token Considerations ........................78 7.4. Bearer Token and Cookie Considerations ....................79 7.5. Privacy Considerations ....................................79 7.5.1. Personal Information ...............................79 7.5.2. Disclosure of Sensitive Information in URIs ........80 7.6. Anonymous Requests ........................................80 7.7. Secure Storage and Handling of Sensitive Data .............81 7.8. Case-Insensitive Comparison and International Languages ...82 8. IANA Considerations ............................................82 8.1. Media Type Registration ...................................82 8.2. Registering URIs for SCIM Messages ........................84 9. References .....................................................85 9.1. Normative References ......................................85 9.2. Informative References ....................................87 Acknowledgements ..................................................88 Contributors ......................................................88 Authors' Addresses ................................................89 1. Introduction and Overview The SCIM protocol is an application-level HTTP-based protocol for provisioning and managing identity data on the web and in cross-domain environments such as enterprise-to-cloud service providers or inter-cloud scenarios. The protocol supports creation, modification, retrieval, and discovery of core identity resources such as Users and Groups, as well as custom resources and resource extensions. The definition of resources, attributes, and overall schema are defined in the SCIM Core Schema document [RFC7643]. 1.1. Intended Audience This document is intended to serve as a guide to SCIM protocol usage for both SCIM HTTP service providers and HTTP clients who may provision information to service providers or retrieve information from them. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 1.2. Notational Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. These key words are capitalized when used to unambiguously specify requirements of the protocol or application features and behavior that affect the interoperability and security of implementations. When these words are not capitalized, they are meant in their natural-language sense. For purposes of readability, examples are not URL encoded. Implementers MUST percent-encode URLs as described in Section 2.1 of [RFC3986]. Throughout this document, figures may contain spaces and extra line wrapping to improve readability and accommodate space limitations. Similarly, some URIs contained within examples have been shortened for space and readability reasons (as indicated by "..."). 1.3. Definitions This specification uses the definitions from [RFC7643] and defines the following additional term: Base URI The SCIM HTTP protocol is described in terms of a path relative to a Base URI. The Base URI MUST NOT contain a query string, as clients MAY append additional path information and query parameters as part of forming the request. The base URI is a URL that most often consists of the "https" protocol scheme, a domain name, and some initial path [RFC3986]. For example: "https://example.com/scim/" For readability, all examples in this document assume that the SCIM service root and the server root are the same (no path prefix). It is expected that SCIM servers may be deployed using any URI path prefix. For example, a SCIM server might have a prefix of "https://example.com/" or "https://example.com/scim/tenancypath/". Additionally, a client MAY apply a version number to the server root prefix (see Section 3.13). Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 2. Authentication and Authorization The SCIM protocol is based upon HTTP and does not itself define a SCIM-specific scheme for authentication and authorization. SCIM depends on the use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) and/or standard HTTP authentication and authorization schemes as per [RFC7235]. For example, the following methodologies could be used, among others: TLS Client Authentication The SCIM service provider MAY request TLS client authentication (also known as mutual authentication). See Section 7.3 of [RFC5246]. HOBA Authentication HTTP Origin-Bound Authentication (HOBA) is a variation on TLS client authentication and uses a digital-signature-based design for an HTTP authentication method (see [RFC7486]). The design can also be used in JavaScript-based authentication embedded in HTML. HOBA is an alternative to HTTP authentication schemes that require passwords and therefore avoids all problems related to passwords, such as leakage of server-side password databases. Bearer Tokens Bearer tokens [RFC6750] MAY be used when combined with TLS and a token framework such as OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749]. Tokens that are issued based on weak or no authentication of authorizing users and/or OAuth clients SHOULD NOT be used, unless, for example, they are being used as single-use tokens to permit one-time requests such as anonymous registration (see Section 3.3). For security considerations regarding the use of bearer tokens in SCIM, see Section 7.4. While bearer tokens most often represent an authorization, it is assumed that the authorization was based upon a successful authentication of the SCIM client. Accordingly, the SCIM service provider must have a method for validating, parsing, and/or "introspecting" the bearer token for the relevant authentication and authorization information. The method for this is assumed to be defined by the token-issuing system and is beyond the scope of this specification. PoP Tokens A proof-of-possession (PoP) token demonstrates that the presenter of the token possesses a particular key and that the recipient can cryptographically confirm proof of possession of the key by the presenter. This property is sometimes also described as the presenter being a holder of the key. See [OAuth-PoP-Arch] for an example of such a token and its use. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Cookies JavaScript clients MAY assert HTTP cookies over TLS that contain an authentication state that is understood by the SCIM service provider (see [RFC6265]). An example of this is scenarios where web-form authentication has taken place with the user and HTTP cookies were set representing the authentication state. For the purposes of SCIM, the security considerations in Section 7.4 apply. Basic Authentication Usage of basic authentication should be avoided, due to its use of a single factor that is based upon a relatively static, symmetric secret. Implementers SHOULD combine the use of basic authentication with other factors. The security considerations of HTTP Basic are well documented in [HTTP-BASIC-AUTH]; therefore, implementers are encouraged to use stronger authentication methods. Designating the specific methods of authentication and authorization is out of scope for SCIM; however, this information is provided as a resource to implementers. As per Section 4.1 of [RFC7235], a SCIM service provider SHALL indicate supported HTTP authentication schemes via the "WWW-Authenticate" header. Regardless of methodology, the SCIM service provider MUST be able to map the authenticated client to an access control policy in order to determine the client's authorization to retrieve and update SCIM resources. For example, while a browser session may have been established via HTTP cookie or TLS client authentication, the unique client MUST be mapped to a security subject (e.g., User). The authorization model and the process by which this is done are beyond the scope of this specification. When processing requests, the service provider SHOULD consider the subject performing the request and whether or not the action is appropriate given the subject and the resource affected by the request. The subject performing the request is usually determined directly or indirectly from the "Authorization" header present in the request. For example, a subject MAY be permitted to retrieve and update their own "User" resource but will normally have restricted ability to access resources associated with other Users. In other cases, the SCIM service provider might only grant access to a subject's own associated "User" resource (e.g., for the purpose of updating personal contact attributes). Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 For illustrative purposes only, SCIM protocol examples show an OAuth 2.0 bearer token value [RFC6750] in the authorization header, e.g., GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 This is not intended to imply that bearer tokens are preferred. However, the use of bearer tokens in the specification does reflect common implementation practice. 2.1. Use of Tokens as Authorizations When using bearer tokens or PoP tokens that represent an authorization grant, such as a grant issued by OAuth (see [RFC6749]), implementers SHOULD consider the type of authorization granted, any authorized scopes (see Section 3.3 of [RFC6749]), and the security subject(s) that SHOULD be mapped from the authorization when considering local access control rules. Section 6 of [RFC7521] documents common scenarios for authorization, including: o A client using an assertion to authenticate and/or act on behalf of itself, o A client acting on behalf of a user, and o A client acting on behalf of an anonymous user (for example, see Section 2.2). When using OAuth authorization tokens, implementers MUST take into account the threats and countermeasures related to the use of client authorizations, as documented in Section 8 of [RFC7521]. When using other token formats or frameworks, implementers MUST take into account similar threats and countermeasures, especially those documented by the relevant specifications. 2.2. Anonymous Requests In some SCIM deployments, it MAY be acceptable to permit unauthenticated (anonymous) requests -- for example, a user self-registration request where the service provider chooses to accept a SCIM Create request (see Section 3.3) from an anonymous client. See Section 7.6 for security considerations regarding anonymous requests. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3. SCIM Protocol 3.1. Background SCIM is a protocol that is based on HTTP [RFC7230]. Along with HTTP headers and URIs, SCIM uses JSON [RFC7159] payloads to convey SCIM resources, as well as protocol-specific payload messages that convey request parameters and response information such as errors. Both resources and messages are passed in the form of JSON-based structures in the message body of an HTTP request or response. To identify this content, SCIM uses a media type of "application/scim+json" (see Section 8.1). A SCIM "resource" is a JSON object [RFC7159] that may be created, maintained, and retrieved via HTTP request methods as described in this document. Each JSON resource representation contains a "schemas" attribute that contains a list of one or more URIs that indicate included SCIM schemas that are used to indicate the attributes contained within a resource. Specific information about what attributes are defined within a schema MAY be obtained by querying a SCIM service provider's "/Schemas" endpoint for a schema definition (see Section 8.7 of [RFC7643]). Responses from this endpoint describe the schema supported by a service provider, including attribute characteristics such as cardinality, case-exactness, mutability, uniqueness, returnability, and whether or not attributes are required. While SCIM schemas and an associated extension model are defined in [RFC7643], SCIM clients should expect that some attribute schema may change from service provider to service provider, particularly across administrative domains. In cases where SCIM may be used as an open protocol in front of an application service, it is quite reasonable to expect that some service providers may only support a subset of the schema defined in [RFC7643]. A SCIM message conveys protocol parameters related to a SCIM request or response; this specification defines these parameters. As with a SCIM resource, a SCIM message is a JSON object [RFC7159] that contains a "schemas" attribute with a URI whose namespace prefix MUST begin with "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:". As SCIM protocol messages are fixed and defined by SCIM specifications and registered extensions, SCIM message schemas using the above prefix URN SHALL NOT be discoverable using the "/Schemas" endpoint. As SCIM is intended for use in cross-domain scenarios where schema and implementations may vary, techniques such as document validation (e.g., [XML-Schema]) are not recommended. A SCIM service provider interprets a request in the context of its own schema (which may be different from the client's schema) and following the defined Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 processing rules for each request. The sections that follow define the processing rules for SCIM and provide allowances for schema differences where appropriate. For example, in a SCIM PUT request, "readOnly" attributes are ignored, while "readWrite" attributes are updated. There is no need for a SCIM client to discover which attributes are "readOnly", and the client does not need to remove them from a PUT request in order to be accepted. Similarly, a SCIM client SHOULD NOT expect a service provider to return SCIM resources with exactly the same schema and values as submitted. SCIM responses SHALL reflect resource state as interpreted by the SCIM service provider. 3.2. SCIM Endpoints and HTTP Methods The SCIM protocol specifies well-known endpoints and HTTP methods for managing resources defined in the SCIM Core Schema document ([RFC7643]); i.e., "User" and "Group" resources correspond to "/Users" and "/Groups", respectively. Service providers that support extended resources SHOULD define resource endpoints using the convention of pluralizing the resource name defined in the extended schema, by appending an 's'. Given that there are cases where resource pluralization is ambiguous, e.g., a resource named "Person" is legitimately "Persons" and "People", clients SHOULD discover resource endpoints via the "/ResourceTypes" endpoint. HTTP SCIM Usage Method ------ -------------------------------------------------------------- GET Retrieves one or more complete or partial resources. POST Depending on the endpoint, creates new resources, creates a search request, or MAY be used to bulk-modify resources. PUT Modifies a resource by replacing existing attributes with a specified set of replacement attributes (replace). PUT MUST NOT be used to create new resources. PATCH Modifies a resource with a set of client-specified changes (partial update). DELETE Deletes a resource. Table 1: SCIM HTTP Methods Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Resource Endpoint Operations Description -------- ---------------- ---------------------- -------------------- User /Users GET (Section 3.4.1), Retrieve, add, POST (Section 3.3), modify Users. PUT (Section 3.5.1), PATCH (Section 3.5.2), DELETE (Section 3.6) Group /Groups GET (Section 3.4.1), Retrieve, add, POST (Section 3.3), modify Groups. PUT (Section 3.5.1), PATCH (Section 3.5.2), DELETE (Section 3.6) Self /Me GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, Alias for operations DELETE (Section 3.11) against a resource mapped to an authenticated subject (e.g., User). Service /ServiceProvider GET (Section 4) Retrieve service provider Config provider's config. configuration. Resource /ResourceTypes GET (Section 4) Retrieve supported type resource types. Schema /Schemas GET (Section 4) Retrieve one or more supported schemas. Bulk /Bulk POST (Section 3.7) Bulk updates to one or more resources. Search [prefix]/.search POST (Section 3.4.3) Search from system root or within a resource endpoint for one or more resource types using POST. Table 2: Defined Endpoints Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 All requests to the service provider are made via HTTP methods as per Section 4.3 of [RFC7231] on a URL derived from the Base URL. Responses are returned in the body of the HTTP response, formatted as JSON. Error status codes SHOULD be transmitted via the HTTP status code of the response (if possible) and SHOULD also be specified in the body of the response (see Section 3.12). 3.3. Creating Resources To create new resources, clients send HTTP POST requests to the resource endpoint, such as "/Users" or "/Groups", as defined by the associated resource type endpoint discovery (see Section 4). The server SHALL process attributes according to the following mutability rules: o In the request body, attributes whose mutability is "readOnly" (see Sections 2.2 and 7 of [RFC7643]) SHALL be ignored. o Attributes whose mutability is "readWrite" (see Section 2.2 of [RFC7643]) and that are omitted from the request body MAY be assumed to be not asserted by the client. The service provider MAY assign a default value to non-asserted attributes in the final resource representation. o Service providers MAY take into account whether or not a client has access to all of the resource's attributes when deciding whether or not non-asserted attributes should be defaulted. o Clients that intend to override existing or server-defaulted values for attributes MAY specify "null" for a single-valued attribute or an empty array "[]" for a multi-valued attribute to clear all values. When the service provider successfully creates the new resource, an HTTP response SHALL be returned with HTTP status code 201 (Created). The response body SHOULD contain the service provider's representation of the newly created resource. The URI of the created resource SHALL include, in the HTTP "Location" header and the HTTP body, a JSON representation [RFC7159] with the attribute "meta.location". Since the server is free to alter and/or ignore POSTed content, returning the full representation can be useful to the client, enabling it to correlate the client's and server's views of the new resource. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 11]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 If the service provider determines that the creation of the requested resource conflicts with existing resources (e.g., a "User" resource with a duplicate "userName"), the service provider MUST return HTTP status code 409 (Conflict) with a "scimType" error code of "uniqueness", as per Section 3.12. In the following example, a client sends a POST request containing a "User" to the "/Users" endpoint. POST /Users HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "userName":"bjensen", "externalId":"bjensen", "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" } } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 12]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 In response to the example request above, the server signals a successful creation with an HTTP status code 201 (Created) and returns a representation of the resource created: HTTP/1.1 201 Created Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 ETag: W/"e180ee84f0671b1" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "externalId":"bjensen", "meta":{ "resourceType":"User", "created":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"e180ee84f0671b1\"" }, "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" }, "userName":"bjensen" } 3.3.1. Resource Types When adding a resource to a specific endpoint, the meta attribute "resourceType" SHALL be set by the HTTP service provider to the corresponding resource type for the endpoint. For example, a POST to the endpoint "/Users" will set "resourceType" to "User", and "/Groups" will set "resourceType" to "Group". 3.4. Retrieving Resources Resources MAY be retrieved via opaque, unique URLs or via queries (see Section 3.4.2). The attributes returned are defined in the server's attribute schema (see Section 8.7 of [RFC7643]) and may be modified by request parameters (see Section 3.9). By default, resource attributes returned in a response are those attributes whose characteristic "returned" setting is "always" or "default" (see Section 2.2 of [RFC7643]). Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 13]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.4.1. Retrieving a Known Resource To retrieve a known resource, clients send GET requests to the resource endpoint, e.g., "/Users/{id}", "/Groups/{id}", or "/Schemas/{id}", where "{id}" is a resource identifier (for example, the value of the "id" attribute). If the resource exists, the server responds with HTTP status code 200 (OK) and includes the result in the body of the response. The example below retrieves a single User via the "/Users" endpoint. GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 The server responds with: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 ETag: W/"f250dd84f0671c3" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "externalId":"bjensen", "meta":{ "resourceType":"User", "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"f250dd84f0671c3\"" }, "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" }, Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 14]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 "userName":"bjensen", "phoneNumbers":[ { "value":"555-555-8377", "type":"work" } ], "emails":[ { "value":"bjensen@example.com", "type":"work" } ] } 3.4.2. Query Resources The SCIM protocol defines a standard set of query parameters that can be used to filter, sort, and paginate to return zero or more resources in a query response. Queries MAY be made against a single resource or a resource type endpoint (e.g., "/Users"), or the service provider Base URI. SCIM service providers MAY support additional query parameters not specified here and SHOULD ignore any query parameters they do not recognize instead of rejecting the query for versioning compatibility reasons. Responses MUST be identified using the following URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse". The following attributes are defined for responses: totalResults The total number of results returned by the list or query operation. The value may be larger than the number of resources returned, such as when returning a single page (see Section 3.4.2.4) of results where multiple pages are available. REQUIRED. Resources A multi-valued list of complex objects containing the requested resources. This MAY be a subset of the full set of resources if pagination (Section 3.4.2.4) is requested. REQUIRED if "totalResults" is non-zero. startIndex The 1-based index of the first result in the current set of list results. REQUIRED when partial results are returned due to pagination. itemsPerPage The number of resources returned in a list response page. REQUIRED when partial results are returned due to pagination. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 15]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 A query that does not return any matches SHALL return success (HTTP status code 200) with "totalResults" set to a value of 0. The example query below requests the userName for all Users: GET /Users?attributes=userName Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 The following is an example response to the query above: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "totalResults":2, "Resources":[ { "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "userName":"bjensen" }, { "id":"c75ad752-64ae-4823-840d-ffa80929976c", "userName":"jsmith" } ] } Note that in the above example, "id" is returned because the "id" attribute has the "returned" characteristic of "always". 3.4.2.1. Query Endpoints Queries MAY be performed against a SCIM resource object, a resource type endpoint, or a SCIM server root. For example: "/Users/{id}" "/Users" "/Groups" Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 16]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 A query against a server root indicates that all resources within the server SHALL be included, subject to filtering. A filter expression using "meta.resourceType" MAY be used to restrict results to one or more specific resource types (to exclude others). For example: filter=(meta.resourceType eq User) or (meta.resourceType eq Group) If a SCIM service provider determines that too many results would be returned (e.g., because a client queried a resource type endpoint or the server base URI), the server SHALL reject the request by returning an HTTP response with HTTP status code 400 (Bad Request) and JSON attribute "scimType" set to "tooMany" (see Table 9). When processing query operations using endpoints that include more than one SCIM resource type (e.g., a query from the server root endpoint), filters MUST be processed as outlined in Section 3.4.2.2. For filtered attributes that are not part of a particular resource type, the service provider SHALL treat the attribute as if there is no attribute value. For example, a presence or equality filter for an undefined attribute evaluates to false. 3.4.2.2. Filtering Filtering is an OPTIONAL parameter for SCIM service providers. Clients MAY discover service provider filter capabilities by looking at the "filter" attribute of the "ServiceProviderConfig" endpoint (see Section 4). Clients MAY request a subset of resources by specifying the "filter" query parameter containing a filter expression. When specified, only those resources matching the filter expression SHALL be returned. The expression language that is used with the filter parameter supports references to attributes and literals. Attribute names and attribute operators used in filters are case insensitive. For example, the following two expressions will evaluate to the same logical value: filter=userName Eq "john" filter=Username eq "john" The filter parameter MUST contain at least one valid expression (see Table 3). Each expression MUST contain an attribute name followed by an attribute operator and optional value. Multiple expressions MAY be combined using logical operators (see Table 4). Expressions MAY be grouped together using round brackets "(" and ")" (see Table 5). Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 17]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The operators supported in the expression are listed in Table 3. +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | Operator | Description | Behavior | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | eq | equal | The attribute and operator values must | | | | be identical for a match. | | | | | | ne | not equal | The attribute and operator values are | | | | not identical. | | | | | | co | contains | The entire operator value must be a | | | | substring of the attribute value for a | | | | match. | | | | | | sw | starts with | The entire operator value must be a | | | | substring of the attribute value, | | | | starting at the beginning of the | | | | attribute value. This criterion is | | | | satisfied if the two strings are | | | | identical. | | | | | | ew | ends with | The entire operator value must be a | | | | substring of the attribute value, | | | | matching at the end of the attribute | | | | value. This criterion is satisfied if | | | | the two strings are identical. | | | | | | pr | present | If the attribute has a non-empty or | | | (has value) | non-null value, or if it contains a | | | | non-empty node for complex attributes, | | | | there is a match. | | | | | | gt | greater | If the attribute value is greater than | | | than | the operator value, there is a match. | | | | The actual comparison is dependent on | | | | the attribute type. For string | | | | attribute types, this is a | | | | lexicographical comparison, and for | | | | DateTime types, it is a chronological | | | | comparison. For integer attributes, it | | | | is a comparison by numeric value. | | | | Boolean and Binary attributes SHALL | | | | cause a failed response (HTTP status | | | | code 400) with "scimType" of | | | | "invalidFilter". | | | | | Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 18]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 | ge | greater | If the attribute value is greater than | | | than or | or equal to the operator value, there is | | | equal to | a match. The actual comparison is | | | | dependent on the attribute type. For | | | | string attribute types, this is a | | | | lexicographical comparison, and for | | | | DateTime types, it is a chronological | | | | comparison. For integer attributes, it | | | | is a comparison by numeric value. | | | | Boolean and Binary attributes SHALL | | | | cause a failed response (HTTP status | | | | code 400) with "scimType" of | | | | "invalidFilter". | | | | | | lt | less than | If the attribute value is less than the | | | | operator value, there is a match. The | | | | actual comparison is dependent on the | | | | attribute type. For string attribute | | | | types, this is a lexicographical | | | | comparison, and for DateTime types, it | | | | is a chronological comparison. For | | | | integer attributes, it is a comparison | | | | by numeric value. Boolean and Binary | | | | attributes SHALL cause a failed response | | | | (HTTP status code 400) with "scimType" | | | | of "invalidFilter". | | | | | | le | less than | If the attribute value is less than or | | | or equal to | equal to the operator value, there is a | | | | match. The actual comparison is | | | | dependent on the attribute type. For | | | | string attribute types, this is a | | | | lexicographical comparison, and for | | | | DateTime types, it is a chronological | | | | comparison. For integer attributes, it | | | | is a comparison by numeric value. | | | | Boolean and Binary attributes SHALL | | | | cause a failed response (HTTP status | | | | code 400) with "scimType" of | | | | "invalidFilter". | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ Table 3: Attribute Operators Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 19]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | Operator | Description | Behavior | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | and | Logical | The filter is only a match if both | | | "and" | expressions evaluate to true. | | | | | | or | Logical | The filter is a match if either | | | "or" | expression evaluates to true. | | | | | | not | "Not" | The filter is a match if the expression | | | function | evaluates to false. | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ Table 4: Logical Operators +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | Operator | Description | Behavior | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | ( ) | Precedence | Boolean expressions MAY be grouped using | | | grouping | parentheses to change the standard order | | | | of operations, i.e., to evaluate logical | | | | "or" operators before logical "and" | | | | operators. | | | | | | [ ] | Complex | Service providers MAY support complex | | | attribute | filters where expressions MUST be | | | filter | applied to the same value of a parent | | | grouping | attribute specified immediately before | | | | the left square bracket ("["). The | | | | expression within square brackets ("[" | | | | and "]") MUST be a valid filter | | | | expression based upon sub-attributes of | | | | the parent attribute. Nested | | | | expressions MAY be used. See examples | | | | below. | +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ Table 5: Grouping Operators Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 20]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 SCIM filters MUST conform to the following ABNF [RFC5234] rules as specified below: FILTER = attrExp / logExp / valuePath / *1"not" "(" FILTER ")" valuePath = attrPath "[" valFilter "]" ; FILTER uses sub-attributes of a parent attrPath valFilter = attrExp / logExp / *1"not" "(" valFilter ")" attrExp = (attrPath SP "pr") / (attrPath SP compareOp SP compValue) logExp = FILTER SP ("and" / "or") SP FILTER compValue = false / null / true / number / string ; rules from JSON (RFC 7159) compareOp = "eq" / "ne" / "co" / "sw" / "ew" / "gt" / "lt" / "ge" / "le" attrPath = [URI ":"] ATTRNAME *1subAttr ; SCIM attribute name ; URI is SCIM "schema" URI ATTRNAME = ALPHA *(nameChar) nameChar = "-" / "_" / DIGIT / ALPHA subAttr = "." ATTRNAME ; a sub-attribute of a complex attribute Figure 1: ABNF Specification of SCIM Filters In the above ABNF rules, the "compValue" (comparison value) rule is built on JSON Data Interchange format ABNF rules as specified in [RFC7159], "DIGIT" and "ALPHA" are defined per Appendix B.1 of [RFC5234], and "URI" is defined per Appendix A of [RFC3986]. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 21]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Filters MUST be evaluated using the following order of operations, in order of precedence: 1. Grouping operators 2. Logical operators - where "not" takes precedence over "and", which takes precedence over "or" 3. Attribute operators If the specified attribute in a filter expression is a multi-valued attribute, the filter matches if any of the values of the specified attribute match the specified criterion; e.g., if a User has multiple "emails" values, only one has to match for the entire User to match. For complex attributes, a fully qualified sub-attribute MUST be specified using standard attribute notation (Section 3.10). For example, to filter by userName, the parameter value is "userName". To filter by first name, the parameter value is "name.givenName". When applying a comparison (e.g., "eq") or presence filter (e.g., "pr") to a defaulted attribute, the service provider SHALL use the value that was returned to the client that last created or modified the attribute. Providers MAY support additional filter operations if they choose. Providers MUST decline to filter results if the specified filter operation is not recognized and return an HTTP 400 error with a "scimType" error of "invalidFilter" and an appropriate human-readable response as per Section 3.12. For example, if a client specified an unsupported operator named 'regex', the service provider should specify an error response description identifying the client error, e.g., 'The operator 'regex' is not supported.' When comparing attributes of type String, the case sensitivity for String type attributes SHALL be determined by the attribute's "caseExact" characteristic (see Section 2.2 of [RFC7643]). Clients MAY query by schema or schema extensions by using a filter expression including the "schemas" attribute (as shown in Figure 2). Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 22]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following are examples of valid filters. Some attributes (e.g., rooms and rooms.number) are hypothetical extensions and are not part of the SCIM core schema: filter=userName eq "bjensen" filter=name.familyName co "O'Malley" filter=userName sw "J" filter=urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User:userName sw "J" filter=title pr filter=meta.lastModified gt "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z" filter=meta.lastModified ge "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z" filter=meta.lastModified lt "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z" filter=meta.lastModified le "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z" filter=title pr and userType eq "Employee" filter=title pr or userType eq "Intern" filter= schemas eq "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User" filter=userType eq "Employee" and (emails co "example.com" or emails.value co "example.org") filter=userType ne "Employee" and not (emails co "example.com" or emails.value co "example.org") filter=userType eq "Employee" and (emails.type eq "work") filter=userType eq "Employee" and emails[type eq "work" and value co "@example.com"] filter=emails[type eq "work" and value co "@example.com"] or ims[type eq "xmpp" and value co "@foo.com"] Figure 2: Example Filters Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 23]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.4.2.3. Sorting Sort is OPTIONAL. Clients MAY discover sort capability by looking at the "sort" attribute of the service provider configuration (see Section 4). Sorting allows clients to specify the order in which resources are returned by specifying a combination of "sortBy" and "sortOrder" URL parameters. sortBy The "sortBy" parameter specifies the attribute whose value SHALL be used to order the returned responses. If the "sortBy" attribute corresponds to a singular attribute, resources are sorted according to that attribute's value; if it's a multi-valued attribute, resources are sorted by the value of the primary attribute (see Section 2.4 of [RFC7643]), if any, or else the first value in the list, if any. If the attribute is complex, the attribute name must be a path to a sub-attribute in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10), e.g., "sortBy=name.givenName". For all attribute types, if there is no data for the specified "sortBy" value, they are sorted via the "sortOrder" parameter, i.e., they are ordered last if ascending and first if descending. sortOrder The order in which the "sortBy" parameter is applied. Allowed values are "ascending" and "descending". If a value for "sortBy" is provided and no "sortOrder" is specified, "sortOrder" SHALL default to ascending. String type attributes are case insensitive by default, unless the attribute type is defined as a case-exact string. "sortOrder" MUST sort according to the attribute type; i.e., for case-insensitive attributes, sort the result using case-insensitive Unicode alphabetic sort order with no specific locale implied, and for case-exact attribute types, sort the result using case-sensitive Unicode alphabetic sort order. 3.4.2.4. Pagination Pagination parameters can be used together to "page through" large numbers of resources so as not to overwhelm the client or service provider. Because pagination is not stateful, clients MUST be prepared to handle inconsistent results. For example, a request for a list of 10 resources beginning with a startIndex of 1 MAY return different results when repeated, since resources on the service provider may have changed between requests. Pagination parameters and general behavior are derived from the OpenSearch Protocol [OpenSearch]. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 24]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Table 6 describes the URL pagination parameters. +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+ | Parameter | Description | Default | +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+ | startIndex | The 1-based index of the | 1 | | | first query result. A | | | | value less than 1 SHALL be | | | | interpreted as 1. | | | | | | | count | Non-negative integer. | None. When specified, | | | Specifies the desired | the service provider | | | maximum number of query | MUST NOT return more | | | results per page, e.g., | results than specified, | | | 10. A negative value | although it MAY return | | | SHALL be interpreted as | fewer results. If | | | "0". A value of "0" | unspecified, the | | | indicates that no resource | maximum number of | | | results are to be returned | results is set by the | | | except for "totalResults". | service provider. | +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+ Table 6: Pagination Request Parameters Table 7 describes the query response pagination attributes specified by the service provider. +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | Element | Description | +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | itemsPerPage | Non-negative integer. Specifies the number of | | | query results returned in a query response page, | | | e.g., 10. | | | | | totalResults | Non-negative integer. Specifies the total number | | | of results matching the client query, e.g., 1000. | | | | | startIndex | The 1-based index of the first result in the | | | current set of query results, e.g., 1. | +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+ Table 7: Pagination Response Elements Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 25]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 For example, to retrieve the first 10 Users, set the startIndex to 1 and the count to 10: GET /Users?startIndex=1&count=10 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 The response to the query above returns metadata regarding paging similar to the following example (actual resources removed for brevity): { "totalResults":100, "itemsPerPage":10, "startIndex":1, "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "Resources":[{ ... }] } Figure 3: ListResponse Format for Returning Multiple Resources Given the example above, to continue paging, set the startIndex to 11 and re-fetch, i.e., /Users?startIndex=11&count=10. 3.4.2.5. Attributes The following attributes control which attributes SHALL be returned with a returned resource. SCIM clients MAY use one of these two OPTIONAL parameters, which MUST be supported by SCIM service providers: attributes A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of resource attributes to return in the response, overriding the set of attributes that would be returned by default. Attribute names MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form. See Section 3.9 for additional retrieval query parameters. excludedAttributes A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of resource attributes to be removed from the default set of attributes to return. This parameter SHALL have no effect on attributes whose schema "returned" setting is "always" (see Sections 2.2 and 7 of [RFC7643]). Attribute names MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form. See Section 3.9 for additional retrieval query parameters. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 26]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.4.3. Querying Resources Using HTTP POST Clients MAY execute queries without passing parameters on the URL by using the HTTP POST verb combined with the "/.search" path extension. The inclusion of "/.search" on the end of a valid SCIM endpoint SHALL be used to indicate that the HTTP POST verb is intended to be a query operation. To create a new query result set, a SCIM client sends an HTTP POST request to the desired SCIM resource endpoint (ending in "/.search"). The body of the POST request MAY include any of the parameters defined in Section 3.4.2. Query requests MUST be identified using the following URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:SearchRequest". The following attributes are defined for query requests: attributes A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of resource attributes to return in the response, overriding the set of attributes that would be returned by default. Attribute names MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form. See Section 3.9 for additional retrieval query parameters. OPTIONAL. excludedAttributes A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of resource attributes to be removed from the default set of attributes to return. This parameter SHALL have no effect on attributes whose schema "returned" setting is "always" (see Sections 2.2 and 7 of [RFC7643]). Attribute names MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form. See Section 3.9 for additional retrieval query parameters. OPTIONAL. filter The filter string used to request a subset of resources. The filter string MUST be a valid filter (Section 3.4.2.2) expression. OPTIONAL. sortBy A string indicating the attribute whose value SHALL be used to order the returned responses. The "sortBy" attribute MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form. See Section 3.4.2.3. OPTIONAL. sortOrder A string indicating the order in which the "sortBy" parameter is applied. Allowed values are "ascending" and "descending". See Section 3.4.2.3. OPTIONAL. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 27]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 startIndex An integer indicating the 1-based index of the first query result. See Section 3.4.2.4. OPTIONAL. count An integer indicating the desired maximum number of query results per page. See Section 3.4.2.4. OPTIONAL. After receiving an HTTP POST request, a response is returned as specified in Section 3.4.2. The following example shows an HTTP POST Query request with search parameters "attributes", "filter", and "count" included: POST /.search Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:SearchRequest"], "attributes": ["displayName", "userName"], "filter": "displayName sw \"smith\"", "startIndex": 1, "count": 10 } Figure 4: Example POST Query Request Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 28]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The example below shows a query response with the first page of results. For brevity, only two matches are shown: one User and one Group. HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/.search { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "totalResults":100, "itemsPerPage":10, "startIndex":1, "Resources":[ { "id":"2819c223-7f76-413861904646", "userName":"jsmith", "displayName":"Smith, James" }, { "id":"c8596b90-7539-4f20968d1908", "displayName":"Smith Family" }, ... ] } Figure 5: Example POST Query Response 3.5. Modifying Resources Resources can be modified in whole or in part using HTTP PUT or HTTP PATCH, respectively. Implementers MUST support HTTP PUT as specified in Section 4.3 of [RFC7231]. Resources such as Groups may be very large; hence, implementers SHOULD support HTTP PATCH [RFC5789] to enable partial resource modifications. Service provider support for HTTP PATCH may be discovered by querying the service provider configuration (see Section 4). Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 29]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.5.1. Replacing with PUT HTTP PUT is used to replace a resource's attributes. For example, clients that have previously retrieved the entire resource in advance and revised it MAY replace the resource using an HTTP PUT. Because SCIM resource identifiers are assigned by the service provider, HTTP PUT MUST NOT be used to create new resources. As the operation's intent is to replace all attributes, SCIM clients MAY send all attributes, regardless of each attribute's mutability. The server will apply attribute-by-attribute replacements according to the following attribute mutability rules: readWrite, writeOnly Any values provided SHALL replace the existing attribute values. Attributes whose mutability is "readWrite" that are omitted from the request body MAY be assumed to be not asserted by the client. The service provider MAY assume that any existing values are to be cleared, or the service provider MAY assign a default value to the final resource representation. Service providers MAY take into account whether or not a client has access to, or understands, all of the resource's attributes when deciding whether non-asserted attributes SHALL be removed or defaulted. Clients that want to override a server's defaults MAY specify "null" for a single-valued attribute, or an empty array "[]" for a multi-valued attribute, to clear all values. immutable If one or more values are already set for the attribute, the input value(s) MUST match, or HTTP status code 400 SHOULD be returned with a "scimType" error code of "mutability". If the service provider has no existing values, the new value(s) SHALL be applied. readOnly Any values provided SHALL be ignored. If an attribute is "required", clients MUST specify the attribute in the PUT request. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 30]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Unless otherwise specified, a successful PUT operation returns a 200 OK response code and the entire resource within the response body, enabling the client to correlate the client's and the service provider's views of the updated resource. For example: PUT /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "userName":"bjensen", "externalId":"bjensen", "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara", "middleName":"Jane" }, "roles":[], "emails":[ { "value":"bjensen@example.com" }, { "value":"babs@jensen.org" } ] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 31]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The service responds with the entire updated User: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json ETag: W/"b431af54f0671a2" Location: "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "userName":"bjensen", "externalId":"bjensen", "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara", "middleName":"Jane" }, "emails":[ { "value":"bjensen@example.com" }, { "value":"babs@jensen.org" } ], "meta": { "resourceType":"User", "created":"2011-08-08T04:56:22Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-08T08:00:12Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"b431af54f0671a2\"" } } 3.5.2. Modifying with PATCH HTTP PATCH is an OPTIONAL server function that enables clients to update one or more attributes of a SCIM resource using a sequence of operations to "add", "remove", or "replace" values. Clients may discover service provider support for PATCH by querying the service provider configuration (see Section 4). Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 32]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The general form of the SCIM PATCH request is based on JSON Patch [RFC6902]. One difference between SCIM PATCH and JSON Patch is that SCIM servers do not support array indexing and do not support [RFC6902] operation types relating to array element manipulation, such as "move". The body of each request MUST contain the "schemas" attribute with the URI value of "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp". The body of an HTTP PATCH request MUST contain the attribute "Operations", whose value is an array of one or more PATCH operations. Each PATCH operation object MUST have exactly one "op" member, whose value indicates the operation to perform and MAY be one of "add", "remove", or "replace". The semantics of each operation are defined in the following subsections. The following is an example representation of a PATCH request showing the basic JSON structure (non-normative): { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[ { "op":"add", "path":"members", "value":[ { "display": "Babs Jensen", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646", "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646" } ] }, ... + additional operations if needed ... ] } Figure 6: Example JSON Body for SCIM PATCH Request Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 33]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The "path" attribute value is a String containing an attribute path describing the target of the operation. The "path" attribute is OPTIONAL for "add" and "replace" and is REQUIRED for "remove" operations. See relevant operation sections below for details. The "path" attribute is described by the following ABNF syntax rule: PATH = attrPath / valuePath [subAttr] Figure 7: SCIM PATCH PATH Rule The ABNF rules "attrPath", "valuePath", and "subAttr" are defined in Section 3.4.2.2. The "valuePath" rule allows specific values of a complex multi-valued attribute to be selected. Valid examples of "path" are as follows: "path":"members" "path":"name.familyName" "path":"addresses[type eq \"work\"]" "path":"members[value eq \"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646\"]" "path":"members[value eq \"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646\"].displayName" Figure 8: Example Path Values Each operation against an attribute MUST be compatible with the attribute's mutability and schema as defined in Sections 2.2 and 2.3 of [RFC7643]. For example, a client MUST NOT modify an attribute that has mutability "readOnly" or "immutable". However, a client MAY "add" a value to an "immutable" attribute if the attribute had no previous value. An operation that is not compatible with an attribute's mutability or schema SHALL return the appropriate HTTP response status code and a JSON detail error response as defined in Section 3.12. The attribute notation rules described in Section 3.10 apply for describing attribute paths. For all operations, the value of the "schemas" attribute on the SCIM service provider's representation of the resource SHALL be assumed by default. If one of the PATCH operations modifies the "schemas" attribute, subsequent operations SHALL assume the modified state of the "schemas" attribute. Clients MAY implicitly modify the "schemas" attribute by adding (or Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 34]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 replacing) an attribute with its fully qualified name, including schema URN. For example, adding the attribute "urn:ietf:params:scim: schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User:employeeNumber" automatically adds the value "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User" to the resource's "schemas" attribute. Each PATCH operation represents a single action to be applied to the same SCIM resource specified by the request URI. Operations are applied sequentially in the order they appear in the array. Each operation in the sequence is applied to the target resource; the resulting resource becomes the target of the next operation. Evaluation continues until all operations are successfully applied or until an error condition is encountered. For multi-valued attributes, a PATCH operation that sets a value's "primary" sub-attribute to "true" SHALL cause the server to automatically set "primary" to "false" for any other values in the array. A PATCH request, regardless of the number of operations, SHALL be treated as atomic. If a single operation encounters an error condition, the original SCIM resource MUST be restored, and a failure status SHALL be returned. If a request fails, the server SHALL return an HTTP response status code and a JSON detail error response as defined in Section 3.12. On successful completion, the server either MUST return a 200 OK response code and the entire resource within the response body, subject to the "attributes" query parameter (see Section 3.9), or MAY return HTTP status code 204 (No Content) and the appropriate response headers for a successful PATCH request. The server MUST return a 200 OK if the "attributes" parameter is specified in the request. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 35]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.5.2.1. Add Operation The "add" operation is used to add a new attribute value to an existing resource. The operation MUST contain a "value" member whose content specifies the value to be added. The value MAY be a quoted value, or it may be a JSON object containing the sub-attributes of the complex attribute specified in the operation's "path". The result of the add operation depends upon what the target location indicated by "path" references: o If omitted, the target location is assumed to be the resource itself. The "value" parameter contains a set of attributes to be added to the resource. o If the target location does not exist, the attribute and value are added. o If the target location specifies a complex attribute, a set of sub-attributes SHALL be specified in the "value" parameter. o If the target location specifies a multi-valued attribute, a new value is added to the attribute. o If the target location specifies a single-valued attribute, the existing value is replaced. o If the target location specifies an attribute that does not exist (has no value), the attribute is added with the new value. o If the target location exists, the value is replaced. o If the target location already contains the value specified, no changes SHOULD be made to the resource, and a success response SHOULD be returned. Unless other operations change the resource, this operation SHALL NOT change the modify timestamp of the resource. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 36]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following example shows how to add a member to a group. Some text was removed for readability (indicated by "..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[ { "op":"add", "path":"members", "value":[ { "display": "Babs Jensen", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646", "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646" } ] } ] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 37]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 If the user was already a member of this group, no changes should be made to the resource, and a success response should be returned. The server responds with either the entire updated Group or no response body: HTTP/1.1 204 No Content Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 ETag: W/"b431af54f0671a2" Location: "https://example.com/Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce" The following example shows how to add one or more attributes to a User resource without using a "path" attribute. PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[{ "op":"add", "value":{ "emails":[ { "value":"babs@jensen.org", "type":"home" } ], "nickname":"Babs" }] } In the above example, an additional value is added to the multi-valued attribute "emails". The second attribute, "nickname", is added to the User resource. If the resource already had an existing "nickname", the value is replaced per the processing rules above for single-valued attributes. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 38]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.5.2.2. Remove Operation The "remove" operation removes the value at the target location specified by the required attribute "path". The operation performs the following functions, depending on the target location specified by "path": o If "path" is unspecified, the operation fails with HTTP status code 400 and a "scimType" error code of "noTarget". o If the target location is a single-value attribute, the attribute and its associated value is removed, and the attribute SHALL be considered unassigned. o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and no filter is specified, the attribute and all values are removed, and the attribute SHALL be considered unassigned. o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and a complex filter is specified comparing a "value", the values matched by the filter are removed. If no other values remain after removal of the selected values, the multi-valued attribute SHALL be considered unassigned. o If the target location is a complex multi-valued attribute and a complex filter is specified based on the attribute's sub-attributes, the matching records are removed. Sub-attributes whose values have been removed SHALL be considered unassigned. If the complex multi-valued attribute has no remaining records, the attribute SHALL be considered unassigned. If an attribute is removed or becomes unassigned and is defined as a required attribute or a read-only attribute, the server SHALL return an HTTP response status code and a JSON detail error response as defined in Section 3.12, with a "scimType" error code of "mutability". The following example shows how to remove a member from a group. As with the previous example, the "display" sub-attribute is optional. If the user was not a member of this group, no changes should be made to the resource, and a success response should be returned. Note that server responses have been omitted for the rest of the PATCH examples. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 39]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Remove a single member from a group. Some text was removed for readability (indicated by "..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[{ "op":"remove", "path":"members[value eq \"2819c223-7f76-...413861904646\"]" }] } Remove all members of a group: PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations":[{ "op":"remove","path":"members" }] } Removal of a value from a complex multi-valued attribute (request headers removed for brevity): { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"remove", "path":"emails[type eq \"work\" and value ew \"example.com\"]" }] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 40]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Example request to remove and add a member. Some text was removed for readability (indicated by "..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [ { "op":"remove", "path": "members[value eq\"2819c223...919d-413861904646\"]" }, { "op":"add", "path":"members", "value": [ { "display": "James Smith", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210", "value": "08e1d05d...473d93df9210" } ] } ] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 41]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following example shows how to replace all of the members of a group with a different members list. Some text was removed for readability (indicated by "..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [ { "op":"remove","path":"members" }, { "op":"add", "path":"members", "value":[ { "display": "Babs Jensen", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646", "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646" }, { "display": "James Smith", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210", "value": "08e1d05d-121c-4561-8b96-473d93df9210" }] } ] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 42]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.5.2.3. Replace Operation The "replace" operation replaces the value at the target location specified by the "path". The operation performs the following functions, depending on the target location specified by "path": o If the "path" parameter is omitted, the target is assumed to be the resource itself. In this case, the "value" attribute SHALL contain a list of one or more attributes that are to be replaced. o If the target location is a single-value attribute, the attributes value is replaced. o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and no filter is specified, the attribute and all values are replaced. o If the target location path specifies an attribute that does not exist, the service provider SHALL treat the operation as an "add". o If the target location specifies a complex attribute, a set of sub-attributes SHALL be specified in the "value" parameter, which replaces any existing values or adds where an attribute did not previously exist. Sub-attributes that are not specified in the "value" parameter are left unchanged. o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and a value selection ("valuePath") filter is specified that matches one or more values of the multi-valued attribute, then all matching record values SHALL be replaced. o If the target location is a complex multi-valued attribute with a value selection filter ("valuePath") and a specific sub-attribute (e.g., "addresses[type eq "work"].streetAddress"), the matching sub-attribute of all matching records is replaced. o If the target location is a multi-valued attribute for which a value selection filter ("valuePath") has been supplied and no record match was made, the service provider SHALL indicate failure by returning HTTP status code 400 and a "scimType" error code of "noTarget". Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 43]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following example shows how to replace all of the members of a group with a different members list in a single replace operation. Some text was removed for readability (indicated by "..."): PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"replace", "path":"members", "value":[ { "display": "Babs Jensen", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646", "value": "2819c223...413861904646" }, { "display": "James Smith", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210", "value": "08e1d05d...473d93df9210" } ] }] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 44]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following example shows how to change a User's entire "work" address, using a "valuePath" filter. Note that by setting "primary" to "true", the service provider will reset "primary" to "false" for any other existing values of "addresses". PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"replace", "path":"addresses[type eq \"work\"]", "value": { "type": "work", "streetAddress": "911 Universal City Plaza", "locality": "Hollywood", "region": "CA", "postalCode": "91608", "country": "US", "formatted": "911 Universal City Plaza\nHollywood, CA 91608 US", "primary": true } }] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 45]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following example shows how to change a specific sub-attribute "streetAddress" of complex attribute "emails" selected by a "valuePath" filter: PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"replace", "path":"addresses[type eq \"work\"].streetAddress", "value":"1010 Broadway Ave" }] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 46]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following example shows how to replace all values of one or more specific attributes of a User resource. Note that other attributes are unaffected. PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"], "Operations": [{ "op":"replace", "value":{ "emails":[ { "value":"bjensen@example.com", "type":"work", "primary":true }, { "value":"babs@jensen.org", "type":"home" } ], "nickname":"Babs" }] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 47]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.6. Deleting Resources Clients request resource removal via DELETE. Service providers MAY choose not to permanently delete the resource but MUST return a 404 (Not Found) error code for all operations associated with the previously deleted resource. Service providers MUST omit the resource from future query results. In addition, the service provider SHOULD NOT consider the deleted resource in conflict calculation. For example, if a User resource is deleted, a CREATE request for a User resource with the same userName as the previously deleted resource SHOULD NOT fail with a 409 error due to userName conflict. DELETE /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-Match: W/"c310cd84f0281b7" In response to a successful DELETE, the server SHALL return a successful HTTP status code 204 (No Content). A non-normative example response: HTTP/1.1 204 No Content Example: Client's attempt to retrieve the previously deleted User GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 Host: example.com Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Server response: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail":"Resource 2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 not found", "status": "404" } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 48]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.7. Bulk Operations The SCIM bulk operation is an optional server feature that enables clients to send a potentially large collection of resource operations in a single request. Support for bulk requests can be discovered by querying the service provider configuration (see Section 4). The body of a bulk operation contains a set of HTTP resource operations using one of the HTTP methods supported by the API, i.e., POST, PUT, PATCH, or DELETE. Bulk requests are identified using the following schema URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest". Bulk responses are identified using the following URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse". Bulk requests and bulk responses share many attributes. Unless otherwise specified, each attribute below is present in both bulk requests and bulk responses. The following singular attribute is defined, in addition to the common attributes defined in [RFC7643]. failOnErrors An integer specifying the number of errors that the service provider will accept before the operation is terminated and an error response is returned. OPTIONAL in a request. Not valid in a response. The following complex multi-valued attribute is defined, in addition to the common attributes defined in [RFC7643]. Operations Defines operations within a bulk job. Each operation corresponds to a single HTTP request against a resource endpoint. REQUIRED. The Operations attribute has the following sub-attributes: method The HTTP method of the current operation. Possible values are "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", or "DELETE". REQUIRED. bulkId The transient identifier of a newly created resource, unique within a bulk request and created by the client. The bulkId serves as a surrogate resource id enabling clients to uniquely identify newly created resources in the response and cross-reference new resources in and across operations within a bulk request. REQUIRED when "method" is "POST". version The current resource version. Version MAY be used if the service provider supports entity-tags (ETags) (Section 2.3 of [RFC7232]) and "method" is "PUT", "PATCH", or "DELETE". Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 49]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 path The resource's relative path to the SCIM service provider's root. If "method" is "POST", the value must specify a resource type endpoint, e.g., /Users or /Groups, whereas all other "method" values must specify the path to a specific resource, e.g., /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646. REQUIRED in a request. data The resource data as it would appear for a single SCIM POST, PUT, or PATCH operation. REQUIRED in a request when "method" is "POST", "PUT", or "PATCH". location The resource endpoint URL. REQUIRED in a response, except in the event of a POST failure. response The HTTP response body for the specified request operation. When indicating a response with an HTTP status other than a 200-series response, the response body MUST be included. For normal completion, the server MAY elect to omit the response body. status The HTTP response status code for the requested operation. When indicating an error, the "response" attribute MUST contain the detail error response as per Section 3.12. If a bulk job is processed successfully, HTTP response code 200 OK MUST be returned; otherwise, an appropriate HTTP error code MUST be returned. The service provider MUST continue performing as many changes as possible and disregard partial failures. The client MAY override this behavior by specifying a value for the "failOnErrors" attribute. The "failOnErrors" attribute defines the number of errors that the service provider should accept before failing the remaining operations returning the response. To be able to reference a newly created resource, the bulkId attribute MAY be specified when creating new resources. The "bulkId" is defined by the client as a surrogate identifier in a POST operation (see Section 3.7.2). The service provider MUST return the same "bulkId" together with the newly created resource. The "bulkId" can then be used by the client to map the service provider id with the "bulkId" of the created resource. A SCIM service provider MAY elect to optimize the sequence of operations received (e.g., to improve processing performance). When doing so, the service provider MUST ensure that the client's intent is preserved and the same stateful result is achieved as for Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 50]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 non-optimized processing. For example, before a "User" can be added to a "Group", they must first be created. Processing these requests out of order might result in a failure to add the new "User" to the "Group". 3.7.1. Circular Reference Processing The service provider MUST try to resolve circular cross-references between resources in a single bulk job but MAY stop after a failed attempt and instead return HTTP status code 409 (Conflict). The following example exhibits the potential conflict. POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "path": "/Groups", "bulkId": "qwerty", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Group A", "members": [ { "type": "Group", "value": "bulkId:ytrewq" } ] } }, Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 51]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 { "method": "POST", "path": "/Groups", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Group B", "members": [ { "type": "Group", "value": "bulkId:qwerty" } ] } } ] } If the service provider resolved the above circular references, the following is returned from a subsequent GET request. GET /v2/Groups?filter=displayName sw 'Group' Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "totalResults": 2, "Resources": [ { "id": "c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97", "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Group A", "meta": { "resourceType": "Group", "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "lastModified": "2011-08-01T18:29:51.135Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97", "version": "W\/\"mvwNGaxB5SDq074p\"" }, Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 52]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 "members": [ { "value": "6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3", "type": "Group" } ] }, { "id": "6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3", "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Group B", "meta": { "resourceType": "Group", "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:50.873Z", "lastModified": "2011-08-01T18:29:50.873Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3", "version": "W\/\"wGB85s2QJMjiNnuI\"" }, "members": [ { "value": "c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97", "type": "Group" } ] } ] } 3.7.2. "bulkId" Temporary Identifiers A SCIM client can, within one bulk operation, create a new "User", create a new "Group", and add the newly created "User" to the newly created "Group". In order to add the new "User" to the "Group", the client must use the surrogate id attribute, "bulkId", to reference the User. The "bulkId" attribute value must be prepended with the literal "bulkId:"; e.g., if the bulkId is 'qwerty', the value is "bulkId:qwerty". The service provider MUST replace the string "bulkId:qwerty" with the permanent resource id once created. To create multiple distinct requests, each with their own "bulkId", the SCIM client specifies different "bulkId" values for each separate request. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 53]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following example creates a User with the "userName" 'Alice' and a "Group" with "displayName", with a value of "Tour Guides" with Alice as a member. Notice that each operation has its own "bulkId" value. However, the second operation (whose "bulkId" is "ytrewq") refers to the "bulkId" of "qwerty" in order to add Alice to the new 'Tour Guides' group. POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "path": "/Users", "bulkId": "qwerty", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "userName": "Alice" } }, { "method": "POST", "path": "/Groups", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "displayName": "Tour Guides", "members": [ { "type": "User", "value": "bulkId:qwerty" } ] } } ] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 54]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The service provider returns the following response: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "version": "W\/\"4weymrEsh5O6cAEK\"", "status": { "code": "201" } }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a", "method": "POST", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\"", "status": { "code": "201" } } ] } In the above example, the "Alice" User resource has an "id" of "92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a" and the 'Tour Guides' Group has an "id" of "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a". Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 55]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 A subsequent GET request for the 'Tour Guides' Group (with an "id" of "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a") returns the following, with Alice's "id" as the value for the member in the Group 'Tour Guides': HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a ETag: W/"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5" { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"], "id": "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a", "displayName": "Tour Guides", "meta": { "resourceType": "Group", "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z", "lastModified": "2011-08-01T20:31:02.315Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a", "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\"" }, "members": [ { "value": "92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "$ref": "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "type": "User" } ] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 56]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Extensions that include references to other resources MUST be handled in the same way by the service provider. The following example uses the bulkId attribute within the enterprise extension managerId attribute. POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "path": "/Users", "bulkId": "qwerty", "data": { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "userName": "Alice" } }, { "method": "POST", "path": "/Users", "bulkId": "ytrewq", "data": { "schemas": [ "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User", "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User" ], "userName": "Bob", "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User": { "employeeNumber": "11250", "manager": { "value": "bulkId:qwerty" } } } } ] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 57]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.7.3. Response and Error Handling The service provider response MUST include the result of all processed operations. A "location" attribute that includes the resource's endpoint MUST be returned for all operations except for failed POST operations (which have no location). The status attribute includes information about the success or failure of one operation within the bulk job. The status attribute MUST include the code attribute that holds the HTTP response code that would have been returned if a single HTTP request would have been used. If an error occurred, the status MUST also include the description attribute containing a human-readable explanation of the error. "status": "201" The following is an example of a status in a failed operation. "status": "400", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "scimType":"invalidSyntax" "detail": "Request is unparsable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.", "status":"400" } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 58]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following example shows how to add, update, and remove a user. The "failOnErrors" attribute is set to '1', indicating that the service provider will stop processing and return results after one error. The POST operation's bulkId value is set to 'qwerty', enabling the client to match the new User with the returned resource "id" of "92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a". POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"], "failOnErrors":1, "Operations":[ { "method":"POST", "path":"/Users", "bulkId":"qwerty", "data":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:User"], "userName":"Alice" } }, { "method":"PUT", "path":"/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041", "version":"W\/\"3694e05e9dff591\"", "data":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041", "userName":"Bob" } }, Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 59]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 { "method": "PATCH", "path": "/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc", "version": "W/\"edac3253e2c0ef2\"", "data": {[ { "op": "remove", "path": "nickName" }, { "op": "add", "path": "userName", "value": "Dave" } ]} }, { "method":"DELETE", "path":"/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b", "version":"W\/\"0ee8add0a938e1a\"" } ] } The service provider returns the following response: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a", "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "version": "W\/\"oY4m4wn58tkVjJxK\"", "status": "201" }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041", "method": "PUT", "version": "W\/\"huJj29dMNgu3WXPD\"", "status": "200" }, Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 60]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc", "method": "PATCH", "version": "W\/\"huJj29dMNgu3WXPD\"", "status": "200" }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b", "method": "DELETE", "status": "204" } ] } The following response is returned if an error occurred when attempting to create the User 'Alice'. The service provider stops processing the bulk operation and immediately returns a response to the client. The response contains the error and any successful results prior to the error. HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "status": "400", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "scimType":"invalidSyntax" "detail": "Request is unparsable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.", "status":"400" } } ] } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 61]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 If the "failOnErrors" attribute is not specified or the service provider has not reached the error limit defined by the client, the service provider will continue to process all operations. The following is an example in which all operations failed. HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"], "Operations": [ { "method": "POST", "bulkId": "qwerty", "status": "400", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "scimType":"invalidSyntax" "detail": "Request is unparsable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.", "status":"400" } }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041", "method": "PUT", "status": "412", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail": "Failed to update. Resource changed on the server.", "status":"412" } }, { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc", "method": "PATCH", "status": "412", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail": "Failed to update. Resource changed on the server.", "status":"412" } }, Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 62]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 { "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b", "method": "DELETE", "status": "404", "response":{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail":"Resource does not exist.", "status":"404" } } ] } 3.7.4. Maximum Operations The service provider MUST define the maximum number of operations and maximum payload size a client may send in a single request. These limits MAY be retrieved from the service provider configuration (see 'bulk' in Sections 5 and 8.5 of [RFC7643]). If either limit is exceeded, the service provider MUST return HTTP response code 413 (Payload Too Large). The returned response MUST specify the limit exceeded in the body of the error response. In the following example, the client sent a request exceeding the service provider's maximum payload size of 1 megabyte: POST /v2/Bulk Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: 4294967296 ... The server sends the following error in response to the oversized request: HTTP/1.1 413 Payload Too Large Content-Type: application/scim+json { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "status": "413", "detail": "The size of the bulk operation exceeds the maxPayloadSize (1048576)." } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 63]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.8. Data Input/Output Formats Servers MUST accept requests and be able to return JSON-structured responses using UTF-8 encoding [RFC3629]. UTF-8 SHALL be the default encoding format. Other media types MAY be supported by service providers but are beyond the scope of this specification. Clients using other encodings MUST specify the format in which the data is submitted via an HTTP "Content-Type" header as specified in Section 3.1.1.5 of [RFC7231] and MAY specify the desired response data format via an HTTP "Accept" header (Section 5.3.2 of [RFC7231]), e.g., "Accept: application/scim+json", or via URI suffix: GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646.scim Host: example.com Service providers MUST support the "Accept" header "Accept: application/scim+json" and SHOULD support the header "Accept: application/json", both of which specify JSON documents conforming to [RFC7159]. The format defaults to "application/scim+json" if no format is specified. Singular attributes are encoded as string name-value pairs in JSON, e.g., "attribute": "value" Multi-valued attributes in JSON are encoded as arrays, e.g., "attributes": [ "value1", "value2" ] Elements with nested elements are represented as objects in JSON, e.g., "attribute": { "subattribute1": "value1", "subattribute2": "value2" } 3.9. Additional Operation Response Parameters For any SCIM operation where a resource representation is returned (e.g., HTTP GET), the attributes returned are defined as the minimum attribute set plus default attribute set. The minimum set is composed of those attributes that have their "returned" characteristic set to "always" (see Section 2.2 of [RFC7643]). The default attribute set is composed of those attributes that have the "returned" characteristic set to "default". Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 64]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Clients MAY request a partial resource representation on any operation that returns a resource within the response by specifying either of the mutually exclusive URL query parameters "attributes" or "excludedAttributes", as follows: attributes When specified, the default list of attributes SHALL be overridden, and each resource returned MUST contain the minimum set of resource attributes and any attributes or sub-attributes explicitly requested by the "attributes" parameter. The query parameter attributes value is a comma-separated list of resource attribute names in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form (e.g., userName, name, emails). excludedAttributes When specified, each resource returned MUST contain the minimum set of resource attributes. Additionally, the default set of attributes minus those attributes listed in "excludedAttributes" is returned. The query parameter attributes value is a comma-separated list of resource attribute names in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form (e.g., userName, name, emails). GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646?attributes=userName Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 The following response is returned: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "userName":"bjensen" } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 65]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.10. Attribute Notation All operations share a common scheme for referencing simple and complex attributes. In general, attributes are uniquely identified by prefixing the attribute name with its schema URN separated by a colon (":") character; e.g., the core User resource attribute 'userName' is identified as "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User:userName". Clients MAY omit core schema attribute URN prefixes but SHOULD fully qualify extended attributes with the associated schema extension URN to avoid naming conflicts. For example, the attribute 'age' defined in "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:exampleCo:2.0:hr" is uniquely identified as "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:exampleCo:2.0:hr:age". Complex attributes' sub-attributes are referenced via nested dot ('.') notation, i.e., {urn}:{Attribute name}.{Sub-Attribute name}. For example, the fully qualified path for a User's givenName is "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User:name.givenName". All facets (URN, attribute, and sub-attribute name) of the fully encoded attribute name are case insensitive. 3.11. "/Me" Authenticated Subject Alias A client MAY use a URL of the form "<base-URI>/Me" as a URI alias for the User or other resource associated with the currently authenticated subject for any SCIM operation. A service provider MAY respond in one of three ways: o A service provider that does NOT support this feature SHOULD respond with HTTP status code 501 (Not Implemented). o A service provider MAY choose to redirect the client using HTTP status code 308 (Permanent Redirect) to the resource associated with the authenticated subject. The client MAY then repeat the request at the indicated location. o A service provider MAY process the SCIM request directly. In any response, the HTTP "Location" header MUST be the permanent location of the aliased resource associated with the authenticated subject. When using the SCIM Create Resource command (HTTP POST) with the "/Me" alias, the desired resourceType being created is at the discretion of the service provider, based on the authenticated subject (if not anonymous) making the request and any request body attributes (e.g., "schemas"). See Section 7.6 for information on security considerations related to this operation. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 66]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 3.12. HTTP Status and Error Response Handling The SCIM protocol uses the HTTP response status codes defined in Section 6 of [RFC7231] to indicate operation success or failure. In addition to returning an HTTP response code, implementers MUST return the errors in the body of the response in a JSON format, using the attributes described below. Error responses are identified using the following "schema" URI: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error". The following attributes are defined for a SCIM error response using a JSON body: status The HTTP status code (see Section 6 of [RFC7231]) expressed as a JSON string. REQUIRED. scimType A SCIM detail error keyword. See Table 9. OPTIONAL. detail A detailed human-readable message. OPTIONAL. Implementers SHOULD handle the identified HTTP status codes as described below. +----------------+---------------+----------------------------------+ | Status | Applicability | Suggested Explanation | +----------------+---------------+----------------------------------+ | 307 (Temporary | GET, POST, | The client is directed to repeat | | Redirect) | PUT, PATCH, | the same HTTP request at the | | | DELETE | location identified. The client | | | | SHOULD NOT use the location | | | | provided in the response as a | | | | permanent reference to the | | | | resource and SHOULD continue to | | | | use the original request URI | | | | [RFC7231]. | | | | | | 308 (Permanent | GET, POST, | The client is directed to repeat | | Redirect) | PUT, PATCH, | the same HTTP request at the | | | DELETE | location identified. The client | | | | SHOULD use the location provided | | | | in the response as the permanent | | | | reference to the resource | | | | [RFC7538]. | | | | | | 400 (Bad | GET, POST, | Request is unparsable, | | Request) | PUT, PATCH, | syntactically incorrect, or | | | DELETE | violates schema. | Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 67]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 | | | | | 401 | GET, POST, | Authorization failure. The | | (Unauthorized) | PUT, PATCH, | authorization header is invalid | | | DELETE | or missing. | | | | | | 403 | GET, POST, | Operation is not permitted based | | (Forbidden) | PUT, PATCH, | on the supplied authorization. | | | DELETE | | | | | | | 404 (Not | GET, POST, | Specified resource (e.g., User) | | Found) | PUT, PATCH, | or endpoint does not exist. | | | DELETE | | | | | | | 409 (Conflict) | POST, PUT, | The specified version number | | | PATCH, DELETE | does not match the resource's | | | | latest version number, or a | | | | service provider refused to | | | | create a new, duplicate | | | | resource. | | | | | | 412 | PUT, PATCH, | Failed to update. Resource has | | (Precondition | DELETE | changed on the server. | | Failed) | | | | | | | | 413 (Payload | POST | {"maxOperations": | | Too Large) | | 1000,"maxPayloadSize": 1048576} | | | | | | 500 (Internal | GET, POST, | An internal error. Implementers | | Server Error) | PUT, PATCH, | SHOULD provide descriptive | | | DELETE | debugging advice. | | | | | | 501 (Not | GET, POST, | Service provider does not | | Implemented) | PUT, PATCH, | support the request operation, | | | DELETE | e.g., PATCH. | +----------------+---------------+----------------------------------+ Table 8: SCIM HTTP Status Code Usage Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 68]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 For HTTP status code 400 (Bad Request) responses, the following detail error types are defined: +---------------+--------------------------------+------------------+ | scimType | Description | Applicability | +---------------+--------------------------------+------------------+ | invalidFilter | The specified filter syntax | GET (Section | | | was invalid (does not comply | 3.4.2), POST | | | with Figure 1), or the | (Search - | | | specified attribute and filter | Section 3.4.3), | | | comparison combination is not | PATCH (Path | | | supported. | Filter - Section | | | | 3.5.2) | | | | | | tooMany | The specified filter yields | GET (Section | | | many more results than the | 3.4.2), POST | | | server is willing to calculate | (Search - | | | or process. For example, a | Section 3.4.3) | | | filter such as "(userName pr)" | | | | by itself would return all | | | | entries with a "userName" and | | | | MAY not be acceptable to the | | | | service provider. | | | | | | | uniqueness | One or more of the attribute | POST (Create - | | | values are already in use or | Section 3.3), | | | are reserved. | PUT (Section | | | | 3.5.1), PATCH | | | | (Section 3.5.2) | | | | | | mutability | The attempted modification is | PUT (Section | | | not compatible with the target | 3.5.1), PATCH | | | attribute's mutability or | (Section 3.5.2) | | | current state (e.g., | | | | modification of an "immutable" | | | | attribute with an existing | | | | value). | | | | | | | invalidSyntax | The request body message | POST (Search - | | | structure was invalid or did | Section 3.4.3, | | | not conform to the request | Create - Section | | | schema. | 3.3, Bulk - | | | | Section 3.7), | | | | PUT (Section | | | | 3.5.1) | | | | | Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 69]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 | invalidPath | The "path" attribute was | PATCH (Section | | | invalid or malformed (see | 3.5.2) | | | Figure 7). | | | | | | | noTarget | The specified "path" did not | PATCH (Section | | | yield an attribute or | 3.5.2) | | | attribute value that could be | | | | operated on. This occurs when | | | | the specified "path" value | | | | contains a filter that yields | | | | no match. | | | | | | | invalidValue | A required value was missing, | GET (Section | | | or the value specified was not | 3.4.2), POST | | | compatible with the operation | (Create - | | | or attribute type (see Section | Section 3.3, | | | 2.2 of [RFC7643]), or resource | Query - Section | | | schema (see Section 4 of | 3.4.3), PUT | | | [RFC7643]). | (Section 3.5.1), | | | | PATCH (Section | | | | 3.5.2) | | | | | | invalidVers | The specified SCIM protocol | GET (Section | | | version is not supported (see | 3.4.2), POST | | | Section 3.13). | (ALL), PUT | | | | (Section 3.5.1), | | | | PATCH (Section | | | | 3.5.2), DELETE | | | | (Section 3.6) | | | | | | sensitive | The specified request cannot | GET (Section | | | be completed, due to the | 3.4.2) | | | passing of sensitive (e.g., | | | | personal) information in a | | | | request URI. For example, | | | | personal information SHALL NOT | | | | be transmitted over request | | | | URIs. See Section 7.5.2. | | +---------------+--------------------------------+------------------+ Table 9: SCIM Detail Error Keyword Values Note that in Table 9 above, the information in the Applicability column applies to the normal HTTP method but MAY apply within a SCIM bulk operation (via HTTP POST). Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 70]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Example of an error in response to a non-existent GET request: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail":"Resource 2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 not found", "status": "404" } Example of an error in response to a PUT request: HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "scimType":"mutability" "detail":"Attribute 'id' is readOnly", "status": "400" } 3.13. SCIM Protocol Versioning The Base URL MAY be appended with a version identifier as a separate segment in the URL path. At the time of this writing, the identifier is 'v2'. If specified, the version identifier MUST appear in the URL path immediately preceding the resource endpoint and conform to the following scheme: the character 'v' followed by the desired SCIM version number, e.g., a version 'v2' User request is specified as /v2/Users. When specified, service providers MUST perform the operation using the desired version or reject the request. When omitted, service providers SHOULD perform the operation using the most recent SCIM protocol version supported by the service provider. 3.14. Versioning Resources The SCIM protocol supports resource versioning via standard HTTP ETags (Section 2.3 of [RFC7232]). Service providers MAY support weak ETags as the preferred mechanism for performing conditional retrievals and ensuring that clients do not inadvertently overwrite each other's changes, respectively. When supported, SCIM ETags MUST be specified as an HTTP header and SHOULD be specified within the 'version' attribute contained in the resource's 'meta' attribute. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 71]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Example create request: POST /Users HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Content-Type: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 Content-Length: ... { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "userName":"bjensen", "externalId":"bjensen", "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" } } The server responds with an ETag in the response header and meta structure: HTTP/1.1 201 Created Content-Type: application/scim+json Location: https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 ETag: W/"e180ee84f0671b1" { "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"], "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "meta":{ "resourceType":"User", "created":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z", "lastModified":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z", "location": "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646", "version":"W\/\"e180ee84f0671b1\"" }, "name":{ "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III", "familyName":"Jensen", "givenName":"Barbara" }, "userName":"bjensen" } Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 72]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 With the returned ETag, clients MAY choose to retrieve the resource only if the resource has been modified. An example of conditional retrieval, using the If-None-Match header (Section 3.2 of [RFC7232]): GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646?attributes=displayName Host: example.com Accept: application/scim+json Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8 If-None-Match: W/"e180ee84f0671b1" If the resource has not changed, the service provider simply returns an empty body with a 304 (Not Modified) response code. If the service provider supports versioning of resources, the client MAY supply an If-Match header (Section 3.1 of [RFC7232]) for PUT and PATCH operations to ensure that the requested operation succeeds only if the supplied ETag matches the latest service provider resource, e.g., If-Match: W/"e180ee84f0671b1". 4. Service Provider Configuration Endpoints SCIM defines three endpoints to facilitate discovery of SCIM service provider features and schema that MAY be retrieved using HTTP GET: /ServiceProviderConfig An HTTP GET to this endpoint will return a JSON structure that describes the SCIM specification features available on a service provider. This endpoint SHALL return responses with a JSON object using a "schemas" attribute of "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:ServiceProviderConfig". The attributes returned in the JSON object are defined in Section 5 of [RFC7643]. An example representation of SCIM service provider configuration may be found in Section 8.5 of [RFC7643]. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 73]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 /Schemas An HTTP GET to this endpoint is used to retrieve information about resource schemas supported by a SCIM service provider. An HTTP GET to the endpoint "/Schemas" SHALL return all supported schemas in ListResponse format (see Figure 3). Individual schema definitions can be returned by appending the schema URI to the /Schemas endpoint. For example: /Schemas/urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User The contents of each schema returned are described in Section 7 of [RFC7643]. An example representation of SCIM schemas may be found in Section 8.7 of [RFC7643]. /ResourceTypes An HTTP GET to this endpoint is used to discover the types of resources available on a SCIM service provider (e.g., Users and Groups). Each resource type defines the endpoints, the core schema URI that defines the resource, and any supported schema extensions. The attributes defining a resource type can be found in Section 6 of [RFC7643], and an example representation can be found in Section 8.6 of [RFC7643]. In cases where a request is for a specific "ResourceType" or "Schema", the single JSON object is returned in the same way that a single User or Group is retrieved, as per Section 3.4.1. When returning multiple ResourceTypes or Schemas, the message form described by the "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse" (ListResponse) form SHALL be used as shown in Figure 3 and in Figure 9 below. Query parameters described in Section 3.4.2, such as filtering, sorting, and pagination, SHALL be ignored. If a "filter" is provided, the service provider SHOULD respond with HTTP status code 403 (Forbidden) to ensure that clients cannot incorrectly assume that any matching conditions specified in a filter are true. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 74]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The following is a non-normative example of an HTTP GET to the /ResourceTypes endpoint: { "totalResults":2, "itemsPerPage":10, "startIndex":1, "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"], "Resources":[{ "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:ResourceType"], "id":"User", "name":"User", "endpoint": "/Users", "description": "User Account", "schema": "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User", "schemaExtensions": [{ "schema": "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User", "required": true }], "meta": { "location":"https://example.com/v2/ResourceTypes/User", "resourceType": "ResourceType" } }, { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:ResourceType"], "id":"Group", "name":"Group", "endpoint": "/Groups", "description": "Group", "schema": "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group", "meta": { "location":"https://example.com/v2/ResourceTypes/Group", "resourceType": "ResourceType" } }] } Figure 9: Example Resource Type JSON Representation Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 75]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 5. Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings To increase the likelihood that the input and comparison of usernames and passwords will work in ways that make sense for typical users throughout the world, there are rules for preparing, enforcing, and comparing internationalized strings that represent usernames and passwords. Before comparing or evaluating the uniqueness of a "userName" or "password" attribute, service providers MUST use the preparation, enforcement, and comparison of internationalized strings (PRECIS) preparation and comparison rules described in Sections 3 and 4, respectively, of [RFC7613], which is based on the PRECIS framework specification [RFC7564]. See Section 3.4 of [RFC7613] for discussion on "Case Mapping vs. Case Preparation" regarding "userName" attributes. 6. Multi-Tenancy A single service provider may expose the SCIM protocol to multiple clients. Depending on the nature of the service, the clients may have authority to access and alter resources initially created by other clients. Alternatively, clients may expect to access disjoint sets of resources and may expect that their resources are inaccessible to other clients. These scenarios are called "multi-tenancy", where each client is understood to be or represent a "tenant" of the service provider. Clients may also be multi-tenanted. The following common cases may occur: 1. All clients share all resources (no tenancy). 2. Each single client creates and accesses a private subset of resources (1 client:1 Tenant). 3. Sets of clients share sets of resources (M clients:1 Tenant). 4. One client can create and access several private subsets of resources (1 client:M Tenants). Service providers may implement any subset of the above cases. Multi-tenancy is OPTIONAL. The SCIM protocol does not define a scheme for multi-tenancy. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 76]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 The SCIM protocol does not prescribe the mechanisms whereby clients and service providers interact for the following: o Registering or provisioning Tenants o Associating a subset of clients with a subset of the Tenants o Indicating which tenant is associated with the data in a request or response, or indicating which Tenant is the subject of a query 6.1. Associating Clients to Tenants The service provider MAY use one of the authentication mechanisms discussed in Section 2 to determine the identity of the client and thus infer the associated Tenant. For implementations where a client is associated with more than one Tenant, the service provider MAY use one of the three methods below for explicit specification of the Tenant. If any of these methods of allowing the client to explicitly specify the Tenant are employed, the service provider should ensure that access controls are in place to prevent or allow cross-tenant use cases. The service provider should consider precedence in cases where a client may explicitly specify a Tenant while being implicitly associated with a different Tenant. In all of these methods, the {tenant_id} is a unique identifier for the Tenant as defined by the service provider. o A URL prefix: "https://www.example.com/Tenants/{tenant_id}/v2/ Users". o A sub-domain: "https://{tenant_id}.example.com/v2/Groups". o An HTTP header: The service provider may recognize a {tenant_id} provided by the client in an HTTP header as the indicator of the desired target Tenant. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 77]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 6.2. SCIM Identifiers with Multiple Tenants Considerations for a multi-tenant implementation: o The service provider may choose to implement SCIM ids that are unique across all resources for all Tenants, but this is not required. o The externalId, defined by the client, is required to be unique ONLY within the resources associated with the associated Tenant. 7. Security Considerations 7.1. HTTP Considerations The SCIM protocol layers on top of HTTP and is thus subject to the security considerations of HTTP (Section 9 of [RFC7230]) and its related specifications. As stated in Section 2.7.1 of [RFC7230], a SCIM client MUST NOT generate the "userinfo" (i.e., username and password) component (and its "@" delimiter) when an "http" URI reference is generated with a message, as userinfo and its "@" delimiter are now disallowed in HTTP. 7.2. TLS Support Considerations SCIM resources (e.g., Users and Groups) contain sensitive information, including passwords. Therefore, SCIM clients and service providers MUST require the use of a transport-layer security mechanism when communicating with SCIM service providers. The SCIM service provider MUST support TLS 1.2 [RFC5246] and MAY support additional transport-layer mechanisms meeting its security requirements. When using TLS, the client MUST perform a TLS/SSL server identity check, per [RFC6125]. Implementation security considerations for TLS can be found in [RFC7525]. 7.3. Authorization Token Considerations When using authorization tokens such as those issued by OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749], implementers MUST take into account threats and countermeasures as documented in Section 8 of [RFC7521]. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 78]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 7.4. Bearer Token and Cookie Considerations Since the possession of a bearer token or cookie MAY authorize the holder to potentially read, modify, or delete resources, bearer tokens and cookies MUST contain sufficient entropy to prevent a random guessing attack; for example, see Section 5.2 of [RFC6750] and Section 5.1.4.2.2 of [RFC6819]. As with all SCIM communications, bearer tokens and HTTP cookies MUST be exchanged using TLS. Bearer tokens MUST have a limited lifetime that can be determined directly or indirectly (e.g., by checking with a validation service) by the service provider. By expiring tokens, clients are forced to obtain a new token (which usually involves re-authentication) for continued authorized access. For example, in OAuth 2.0, a client MAY use OAuth token refresh to obtain a new bearer token after authenticating to an authorization server. See Section 6 of [RFC6749]. As with bearer tokens, an HTTP cookie SHOULD last no longer than the lifetime of a browser session. An expiry time should be set that limits session cookie lifetime as per Section 5.2.1 of [RFC6265]. Implementations supporting OAuth bearer tokens need to factor in security considerations of this authorization method [RFC7521]. Since security is only as good as the weakest link, implementers also need to consider authentication choices coupled with OAuth bearer tokens. The security considerations of the default authentication method for OAuth bearer tokens, HTTP Basic, are well documented in [HTTP-BASIC-AUTH]; therefore, implementers are encouraged to use stronger authentication methods. Designating the specific methods of authentication and authorization is out of scope for SCIM; however, this information is provided as a resource to implementers. 7.5. Privacy Considerations 7.5.1. Personal Information The SCIM Core Schema specification [RFC7643] defines attributes that may contain personally identifying information as well as other sensitive personal data. The privacy considerations in the Security Considerations section of [RFC7643] MUST be considered. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 79]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 7.5.2. Disclosure of Sensitive Information in URIs As mentioned in Section 9.4 of [RFC7231], SCIM clients requesting information using query filters that use HTTP GET SHOULD give consideration to the information content of the filters and whether or not their exposure in a URI would represent a breach of security or confidentiality through leakage in web browsers or server logs. This is particularly true for information that is legally considered "personally identifiable information" or is otherwise restricted by privacy laws. In these situations, to ensure maximum security and confidentiality, clients SHOULD query using HTTP POST (see Section 3.4.3). Servers that receive HTTP GET requests using filters that contain sensitive or confidential personal information SHOULD respond with HTTP status code 403 to indicate that the operation is forbidden. A "scimType" error code of "sensitive" may be returned to indicate that the request must be submitted using POST. The following is a non-normative example: HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden { "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"], "detail": "Query filter involving 'name' is restricted or confidential", "scimType": "sensitive", "status": "404" } 7.6. Anonymous Requests If a SCIM service provider accepts anonymous requests such as SCIM resource creation requests (via HTTP POST), appropriate security measures should be put in place to prevent or limit exposure to attacks. The following countermeasures MAY be used: o Try to authenticate web user interface components that formulate the SCIM creation request. While the end-user may be anonymous, the web user interface component often has its own way to authenticate to the SCIM service provider (e.g., has an OAuth client credential [RFC6749]), and the web user interface component may implement its own measures (e.g., the Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA)) to ensure that a legitimate request is being made. o Limit the number of requests that any particular client MAY make in a period of time. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 80]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 o For User resources, default newly created resources with an "active" setting of "false", and use a secondary confirmation process (e.g., email confirmation) to ensure that the resource created is real. 7.7. Secure Storage and Handling of Sensitive Data An attacker may obtain valid username/password combinations from the SCIM service provider's underlying database by gaining access to the database and/or launching injection attacks. This could lead to unintended disclosure of username/password combinations. The impact may extend beyond the domain of the SCIM service provider if the data was provisioned from other domains. Administrators should undertake industry best practices to protect the storage of credentials and, in particular, SHOULD follow recommendations outlined in Section 5.1.4.1 of [RFC6819]. These recommendations include, but are not limited to, the following: o Provide injection attack countermeasures (e.g., by validating all inputs and parameters); o Credentials should not be stored in cleartext form; o Store credentials using an encrypted protection mechanism (e.g., hashing); and o Where possible, avoid passwords as the sole form of authentication, and consider using credentials that are based on asymmetric cryptography. As outlined in Section 5.1.4.2 of [RFC6819], administrators SHOULD take countermeasures such as the following, to prevent online attacks on secrets: o Utilize a secure password policy in order to increase user password entropy, which will in turn hinder online attacks and password guessing; o Mitigate attacks on passwords by locking respective accounts that have a number of failed attempts; o Use "tar pit" techniques by temporarily locking a respective account and delaying responses for a certain duration. The duration may increase with the number of failed attempts; and Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 81]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 o Use authentication systems that use CAPTCHAs and other factors for authenticating users, to further reduce the possibility of automated attacks. Service providers SHOULD define an access control model that differentiates between individual client applications and their specific need to access information, and any User self-service rights to review and update personal profile information. This may include OAuth 2.0 delegation profiles that allow client systems to act on behalf of users with their permission. 7.8. Case-Insensitive Comparison and International Languages When comparing Unicode strings such as those in query filters or testing for uniqueness of usernames and passwords, strings MUST be appropriately prepared before comparison. See Section 5. 8. IANA Considerations 8.1. Media Type Registration To: ietf-types@iana.org Subject: Registration of media type application/scim+json Type name: application Subtype name: scim+json Required parameters: none Optional parameters: none Encoding considerations: 8bit Security considerations: See Section 7 of this document (RFC 7644) Interoperability considerations: The "application/scim+json" media type is intended to identify JSON structure data that conforms to the SCIM protocol and schema specifications. Older versions of SCIM are known to informally use "application/json". Published specification: this document (RFC 7644) Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 82]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 Applications that use this media type: It is expected that applications that use this type may be special-purpose applications intended for inter-domain provisioning. Clients may also be applications (e.g., mobile applications) that need to use SCIM for self-registration of user accounts. SCIM services may be offered by web applications that offer support for standards-based provisioning or may be a dedicated SCIM service provider such as a "cloud directory". Content may be treated as equivalent to the "application/json" type for the purpose of displaying in web browsers. Additional information: Magic number(s): File extension(s): .scim .scm Macintosh file type code(s): Person & email address to contact for further information: SCIM mailing list "<scim@ietf.org>" Intended usage: COMMON* (see restrictions) Restrictions on usage: For most client types, it is sufficient to recognize the content as equivalent to "application/json". Applications intending to use the SCIM protocol SHOULD use the "application/scim+json" media type. Author: Phil Hunt Change controller: IETF Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 83]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 8.2. Registering URIs for SCIM Messages As per the "SCIM Schema URIs for Data Resources" registry established by [RFC7643], the following defines and registers the SCIM protocol request/response JSON schema URN identifier prefix of "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0", which is part of the URN sub-namespace for SCIM. There is no specific associated resource type. +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+ | Schema URI | Name | Reference | +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+ | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | List/Query | See Section | | messages:2.0:ListResponse | Response | 3.4.2 | | | | | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | POST Query | See Section | | messages:2.0:SearchRequest | Request | 3.4.3 | | | | | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | PATCH Operation | See Section | | messages:2.0:PatchOp | | 3.5.2 | | | | | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | Bulk Operations | See Section | | messages:2.0:BulkRequest | Request | 3.7 | | | | | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | Bulk Operations | See Section | | messages:2.0:BulkResponse | Response | 3.7 | | | | | | urn:ietf:params:scim:api: | Error Response | See Section | | messages:2.0:Error | | 3.12 | +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+ Table 10: SCIM Schema URIs for Data Resources Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 84]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November 2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629>. [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>. [RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>. [RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>. [RFC5789] Dusseault, L. and J. Snell, "PATCH Method for HTTP", RFC 5789, DOI 10.17487/RFC5789, March 2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5789>. [RFC6125] Saint-Andre, P. and J. Hodges, "Representation and Verification of Domain-Based Application Service Identity within Internet Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX) Certificates in the Context of Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 6125, DOI 10.17487/RFC6125, March 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6125>. [RFC6749] Hardt, D., Ed., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework", RFC 6749, DOI 10.17487/RFC6749, October 2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6749>. [RFC6750] Jones, M. and D. Hardt, "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Bearer Token Usage", RFC 6750, DOI 10.17487/RFC6750, October 2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6750>. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 85]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 [RFC7159] Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format", RFC 7159, DOI 10.17487/RFC7159, March 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7159>. [RFC7230] Fielding, R., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing", RFC 7230, DOI 10.17487/RFC7230, June 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7230>. [RFC7231] Fielding, R., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content", RFC 7231, DOI 10.17487/RFC7231, June 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7231>. [RFC7232] Fielding, R., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests", RFC 7232, DOI 10.17487/RFC7232, June 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7232>. [RFC7235] Fielding, R., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Authentication", RFC 7235, DOI 10.17487/RFC7235, June 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7235>. [RFC7538] Reschke, J., "The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Status Code 308 (Permanent Redirect)", RFC 7538, DOI 10.17487/RFC7538, April 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7538>. [RFC7613] Saint-Andre, P. and A. Melnikov, "Preparation, Enforcement, and Comparison of Internationalized Strings Representing Usernames and Passwords", RFC 7613, DOI 10.17487/RFC7613, August 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7613>. [RFC7643] Hunt, P., Ed., Grizzle, K., Wahlstroem, E., and C. Mortimore, "System for Cross-domain Identity Management: Core Schema", RFC 7643, DOI 10.17487/RFC7643, September 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7643>. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 86]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 9.2. Informative References [HTTP-BASIC-AUTH] Reschke, J., "The 'Basic' HTTP Authentication Scheme", Work in Progress, draft-ietf-httpauth-basicauth-update-07, February 2015. [OAuth-PoP-Arch] Hunt, P., Ed., Richer, J., Mills, W., Mishra, P., and H. Tschofenig, "OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security Architecture", Work in Progress, draft-ietf-oauth-pop-architecture-02, July 2015. [OpenSearch] Clinton, D., "OpenSearch Protocol 1.1, Draft 5", December 2005, <http://www.opensearch.org/Specifications/ OpenSearch/1.1>. [RFC6265] Barth, A., "HTTP State Management Mechanism", RFC 6265, DOI 10.17487/RFC6265, April 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6265>. [RFC6819] Lodderstedt, T., Ed., McGloin, M., and P. Hunt, "OAuth 2.0 Threat Model and Security Considerations", RFC 6819, DOI 10.17487/RFC6819, January 2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6819>. [RFC6902] Bryan, P., Ed., and M. Nottingham, Ed., "JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Patch", RFC 6902, DOI 10.17487/RFC6902, April 2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6902>. [RFC7486] Farrell, S., Hoffman, P., and M. Thomas, "HTTP Origin- Bound Authentication (HOBA)", RFC 7486, DOI 10.17487/RFC7486, March 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7486>. [RFC7521] Campbell, B., Mortimore, C., Jones, M., and Y. Goland, "Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication and Authorization Grants", RFC 7521, DOI 10.17487/RFC7521, May 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7521>. [RFC7525] Sheffer, Y., Holz, R., and P. Saint-Andre, "Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)", BCP 195, RFC 7525, DOI 10.17487/RFC7525, May 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7525>. Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 87]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015 [RFC7564] Saint-Andre, P. and M. Blanchet, "PRECIS Framework: Preparation, Enforcement, and Comparison of Internationalized Strings in Application Protocols", RFC 7564, DOI 10.17487/RFC7564, May 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7564>. [XML-Schema] Biron, P. and A. Malhotra, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition", W3C Recommendation, October 2004, <http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/>. Acknowledgements The editor would like to acknowledge the contribution and work of the editors of draft versions of this document: Trey Drake, UnboundID Chuck Mortimore, Salesforce The editor would like to thank the participants in the SCIM working group for their support of this specification. Contributors Samuel Erdtman (samuel@erdtman.se) Patrick Harding (pharding@pingidentity.com) Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 88]
RFC 7644 SCIM Protocol Specification September 2015
Authors' Addresses
Phil Hunt (editor)
Oracle Corporation
Email: phil.hunt@yahoo.com
Kelly Grizzle
SailPoint
Email: kelly.grizzle@sailpoint.com
Morteza Ansari
Cisco
Email: morteza.ansari@cisco.com
Erik Wahlstroem
Nexus Technology
Email: erik.wahlstrom@nexusgroup.com
Chuck Mortimore
Salesforce.com
Email: cmortimore@salesforce.com
Hunt, et al. Standards Track [Page 89]
mirror server hosted at Truenetwork, Russian Federation.