Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) R. Denenberg, Ed.
Request for Comments: 6207 Library of Congress
Category: Informational April 2011
ISSN: 2070-1721
The Media Types application/mods+xml, application/mads+xml,
application/mets+xml, application/marcxml+xml, and application/sru+xml
Abstract
This document specifies media types for the following formats: MODS
(Metadata Object Description Schema), MADS (Metadata Authority
Description Schema), METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission
Standard), MARCXML (MARC21 XML Schema), and the SRU (Search/Retrieve
via URL Response Format) protocol response XML schema. These are all
XML schemas providing representations of various forms of information
including metadata and search results.
Status of This Memo
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents
approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6207.
Denenberg Informational [Page 1]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Registration for mods+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Registration for mads+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Registration for mets+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Registration for marcxml+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Registration for sru+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.1. Harmful Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.2. Authenticity and Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Denenberg Informational [Page 2]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 1. Introduction The Library of Congress, on behalf of and in collaboration with various components of the metadata and information retrieval community, has issued specifications that define formats for representation of various forms of information including metadata and search results. This memo provides information about the media types associated with several of these formats, all of which are XML schemas. MODS: Metadata Object Description Schema. An XML schema for a bibliographic element set that may be used for a variety of purposes, and particularly for library applications. MADS: Metadata Authority Description Schema. An XML schema for an authority element set used to provide metadata about agents (people, organizations), events, and terms (topics, geographics, genres, etc.). It is a companion to MODS. METS: Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard. An XML schema for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a digital library. MARCXML: MARC21 XML Schema. An XML schema for the direct XML representation of the MARC format (for which there already exists a media type, application/marc; see [RFC2220]). By "direct XML representation", we mean that it encodes the actual MARC data within XML. (This is in contrast to MODS: MARC uses codes for its element names; MODS represents the same information but uses semantically meaningful names while MARCXML uses the MARC codes.) SRU: Search/Retrieve via URL Response Format. An XML schema for the SRU response. SRU is a protocol, and the media type sru+xml pertains specifically to the default SRU response. The SRU response may be supplied in any of a number of suitable schemas, RSS, ATOM, for example, and the client identifies the desired format in the request, hence the need for a media type. This mechanism will be introduced in SRU 2.0; in previous versions (that is, all versions to date; 2.0 is in development), all responses are supplied in the existing default format, so no media type was necessary. SRU 2.0 is being developed within the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). Denenberg Informational [Page 3]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 2. Registration for mods+xml MIME media type name: application MIME subtype name: mods+xml Required parameters: None Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023]. Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023]. Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207. Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues. Published specification: [MODS-SCHEMA], [MODS]. Applications which use this media type: Various MODS-conformant toolkits use this media type. Additional information: Magic number(s): None File extension(s): .mods Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT Person and email address to contact for further information: Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov> Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: None Author/Change controller: The MODS specification was developed by the Library of Congress and is maintained by the Library of Congress in conjunction with the MODS Editorial Committee, which has change control over the specification. Denenberg Informational [Page 4]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 3. Registration for mads+xml MIME media type name: application MIME subtype name: mads+xml Required parameters: None Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023]. Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023]. Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207. Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues. Published specification: [MADS-SCHEMA], [MADS]. Applications which use this media type: Various MADS conformant toolkits use this media type. Additional information: Magic number(s): None File extension(s): .mads Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT Person and email address to contact for further information: Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov> Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: None Author/Change controller: The MADS specification was developed by the Library of Congress and is maintained by the Library of Congress in conjunction with the MODS Editorial Committee, which has change control over the specification. Denenberg Informational [Page 5]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 4. Registration for mets+xml MIME media type name: application MIME subtype name: mets+xml Required parameters: None Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023]. Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023]. Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207. Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues. Published specification: [METS-SCHEMA], [METS]. Applications which use this media type: Various METS conformant toolkits use this media type. Additional information: Magic number(s): None File extension(s): .mets Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT Person and email address to contact for further information: Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov> Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: None Author/Change controller: The METS specification was developed by the Library of Congress and is maintained by the Library of Congress in conjunction with the METS Editorial Board as an initiative of the Digital Library Federation. Denenberg Informational [Page 6]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 5. Registration for marcxml+xml MIME media type name: application MIME subtype name: marcxml+xml Required parameters: None Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023]. Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023]. Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207. Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues. Published specification: [MARCXML-SCHEMA], [MARCXML]. Applications which use this media type: Various MARCXML conformant toolkits use this media type. Additional information: Magic number(s): None File extension(s): .mrcx Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT Person and email address to contact for further information: Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov> Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: None Author/Change controller: The MARCXML standard is driven by the MARC standards, maintained at the Library of Congress. Denenberg Informational [Page 7]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 6. Registration for sru+xml MIME media type name: application MIME subtype name: sru+xml Required parameters: None Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023]. Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023]. Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207. Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues. Published specification: [SRU-SCHEMA], [SRU]. Applications which use this media type: Various SRU conformant toolkits use this media type. Additional information: Magic number(s): None File extension(s): .sru Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT Person and email address to contact for further information: Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov> Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: None Author/Change controller: The SRU specification for versions earlier than 2.0 is maintained at the Library of Congress, in conjunction with the SRU Editorial Board. Version 2.0 (for which the sru+xml media type pertains) is being developed within OASIS. Denenberg Informational [Page 8]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 7. IANA Considerations IANA has registered the five media types described in Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the MIME media type registry (in the Standards Tree). 8. Security Considerations An XML resource does not in itself compromise data security. Applications that retrieve XML files over a network by means of dereferencing a Uniform Resource Identifier [RFC3986] are advised to properly interpret the data so as to prevent unintended access. Hence, the security issues described in Section 7 of [RFC3986] apply. Because the media types described in this document use the "+xml" convention, they share the security considerations described in Section 10 of [RFC3023]. In general, security issues related to the use of XML in IETF protocols are discussed in Section 7 of [RFC3470] also apply. In the following sections, we review some aspects that are important for document-centric XML as applied to text encoding. 8.1. Harmful Content Any application that retrieves the XML media types described in this specification needs to be aware of risks connected with injection of harmful scripts and executable XML (i.e., "active content" as described in [RFC4288]). Although XML inclusion mechanisms and the use of external entities can introduce vulnerabilities to various forms of spoofing and also reveal aspects of a service in a way that may compromise its security, such vulnerabilities are application specific. In any case, MODS documents do not contain "active content". 8.2. Authenticity and Confidentiality Historical and bibliographical information can often be encoded in MODS documents, and such information might even have legal force in some jurisdictions. Digitization and encoding of such information might require technologies for assuring authenticity, such as cryptographic check sums and electronic signatures. Similarly, historical documents might in part or in their entirety be confidential. Such confidentiality might be required by law or by the terms and conditions such as in the case of donated or deposited text from private sources. A text archive might need content filtering or cryptographic technologies to meet such requirements. Denenberg Informational [Page 9]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC3023] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media Types", RFC 3023, January 2001. [RFC3470] Hollenbeck, S., Rose, M., and L. Masinter, "Guidelines for the Use of Extensible Markup Language (XML) within IETF Protocols", BCP 70, RFC 3470, January 2003. [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005. [MADS-SCHEMA] Denenberg, R., "MADS Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/mads.xsd>. [MADS] Denenberg, R., "Metadata Authority Description Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/>. [MARCXML-SCHEMA] Trail, N., "MARCXML Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/ standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd>. [MARCXML] Trail, N., "MARCXML MARC21 XML Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/>. [METS-SCHEMA] Redding, C., "METS Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets.xsd>. [METS] Redding, C., "Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/>. [MODS-SCHEMA] Denenberg, R., "MODS Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/mods.xsd>. [MODS] Denenberg, R., "Metadata Object Description Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/>. [SRU-SCHEMA] Denenberg, R., "SRU Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/ standards/sru/oasis/schemas/sruResponse.xsd>. [SRU] Denenberg, R., "Search/Retrieve via URL Response Format", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/>. Denenberg Informational [Page 10]
RFC 6207 Library of Congress Media Types April 2011 9.2. Informative References [RFC2220] Guenther, R., "The Application/MARC Content-type", RFC 2220, October 1997. [RFC4288] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005. Author's Address Ray Denenberg (editor) Library of Congress 101 Independence Ave, SE Washington, DC 20540 USA Phone: (202) 707-5795 EMail: rden@loc.gov Denenberg Informational [Page 11]
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