FLOCK(2) | System Calls Manual | FLOCK(2)

# NAME

`flock` — apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file

# LIBRARY

Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

# SYNOPSIS

`#include <fcntl.h>`

`#define LOCK_SH 1 /* shared lock */`
`#define LOCK_EX 2 /* exclusive lock */`
`#define LOCK_NB 4 /* don't block when locking */`
`#define LOCK_UN 8 /* unlock */`

int
`flock`(int fd, int operation);

# DESCRIPTION

`flock`() applies or removes an advisory lock on the file associated with the file descriptor fd. A lock is applied by specifying an operation parameter that is one of `LOCK_SH` or `LOCK_EX` with the optional addition of `LOCK_NB`. To unlock an existing lock `operation` should be `LOCK_UN`.

Advisory locks allow cooperating processes to perform consistent operations on files, but do not guarantee consistency (i.e., processes may still access files without using advisory locks possibly resulting in inconsistencies).

The locking mechanism allows two types of locks: shared locks and exclusive locks. At any time multiple shared locks may be applied to a file, but at no time are multiple exclusive, or both shared and exclusive, locks allowed simultaneously on a file.

A shared lock may be upgraded to an exclusive lock, and vice versa, simply by specifying the appropriate lock type; this results in the previous lock being released and the new lock applied (possibly after other processes have gained and released the lock).

Requesting a lock on an object that is already locked normally causes the caller to be blocked until the lock may be acquired. If `LOCK_NB` is included in operation, then this will not happen; instead the call will fail and the error `EAGAIN` will be returned.

# NOTES

Locks are on files, not file descriptors. That is, file descriptors duplicated through dup(2) or fork(2) do not result in multiple instances of a lock, but rather multiple references to a single lock. If a process holding a lock on a file forks and the child explicitly unlocks the file, the parent will lose its lock.

Processes blocked awaiting a lock may be awakened by signals.

# RETURN VALUES

Zero is returned if the operation was successful; on an error a -1 is returned and an error code is left in the global location errno.

# ERRORS

The `flock`() call fails if:

[`EAGAIN`]
  The file is locked and the `LOCK_NB` option was specified.
[`EBADF`]
  The argument fd is an invalid descriptor.
[`EINVAL`]
  The argument operation does not include exactly one of `LOCK_EX`, `LOCK_SH`, or `LOCK_UN`.
[`ENOMEM`]
  The file lock limit for the current unprivileged user has been reached. It can be modified using the `kern.maxfiles` sysctl(7).
[`EOPNOTSUPP`]
  The argument fd refers to an object other than a file.

# SEE ALSO

close(2), dup(2), execve(2), fork(2), open(2), flockfile(3), lockf(3)

# HISTORY

The `flock`() function call appeared in 4.2BSD.

October 15, 2011 | NetBSD 11.0