MSGRCV(2) | System Calls Manual | MSGRCV(2)

# NAME

`msgrcv` — receive a message from a message queue

# LIBRARY

Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

# SYNOPSIS

`#include <sys/msg.h>`

ssize_t
`msgrcv`(int msqid, void *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp, int msgflg);

# DESCRIPTION

The `msgrcv`() function receives a message from the message queue specified in msqid, and places it into the user-defined structure pointed to by msgp. This structure must contain a first field of type long that will indicate the user-defined type of the message. The remaining fields will contain the contents of the message. The following is an example of what this user-defined structure might look like:

    struct mymsg {
        long mtype;    /* message type */
        char mtext[1]; /* body of message */
    };

mtype is an integer greater than 0 that can be used to select messages. mtext is an array of bytes, with size up to the system limit `MSGMAX`.

The value of msgtyp has one of the following meanings:

- msgtyp is greater than 0. The first message of type msgtyp will be received.
- msgtyp is equal to 0. The first message on the queue will be received.
- msgtyp is less than 0. The first message of the lowest message type that is less than or equal to the absolute value of msgtyp will be received.

The argument msgsz specifies the size in bytes of mtext. If the received message has a length greater than msgsz it will be silently truncated if the `MSG_NOERROR` flag is set in msgflg, otherwise an error will be returned.

If no matching message is present on the message queue specified by msqid, the behaviour of `msgrcv`() depends on whether the `IPC_NOWAIT` flag is set in msgflg or not. If `IPC_NOWAIT` is set, then `msgrcv`() will immediately return a value of -1 and set errno to `EAGAIN`. If `IPC_NOWAIT` is not set, the calling process will block until:

- A message of the requested type becomes available on the message queue.
- The message queue is removed, in which case -1 will be returned and errno set to `EIDRM`.
- A signal is received and caught. -1 is returned and errno is set to `EINTR`.

If a message is successfully received, the data structure associated with msqid is updated as follows:

- msg_lrpid is set to the pid of the caller.
- msg_lrtime is set to the current time.
- msg_qnum is decremented by 1.

# RETURN VALUES

Upon successful completion, `msgrcv`() returns the number of bytes received and placed into the mtext field of the structure pointed to by msgp. Otherwise, -1 is returned, and errno set to indicate the error.

# ERRORS

`msgrcv`() will fail if:

[`E2BIG`]
  A matching message was received, but its size was greater than msgsz and the `MSG_NOERROR` flag was not set in msgflg.
[`EACCES`]
  The calling process does not have read access to the message queue.
[`EAGAIN`]
  There is no message of the requested type available on the message queue, and `IPC_NOWAIT` is set in msgflg.
[`EFAULT`]
  msgp points to an invalid address.
[`EIDRM`]
  The message queue identifier msqid is removed from the system.
[`EINTR`]
  The system call was interrupted by the delivery of a signal.
[`EINVAL`]
  msqid is not a valid message queue identifier

  The message queue was removed while `msgrcv`() was waiting for a message of the requested type to become available in it.

  msgsz is greater than `SSIZE_MAX`.

[`ENOMSG`]
  The queue does not contain a message of the desired type and `IPC_NOWAIT` is set.

# SEE ALSO

msgctl(2), msgget(2), msgsnd(2)

# STANDARDS

The `msgrcv` system call conforms to X/Open System Interfaces and Headers Issue 5 (“XSH5”).

# HISTORY

Message queues appeared in the first release of AT&T System V UNIX.

July 24, 2013 | NetBSD 11.0