Type: Package
Title: Identify Sites for Your Bird List
Version: 1.0.3
Description: A suite of tools to use the 'eBird' database (https://ebird.org/home/) and APIs to compare users' species lists to recent observations and create a report of the top sites to visit to see new species.
License: BSD_2_clause + file LICENSE
Encoding: UTF-8
Depends: R (≥ 4.2.0)
Imports: curl (≥ 4.3), dplyr (≥ 1.0.2), ggplot2 (≥ 3.4.4), jsonlite (≥ 1.7.0), knitr (≥ 1.31), maptiles (≥ 0.6.1), readr (≥ 1.4.0), rmarkdown (≥ 2.7), stringr (≥ 1.4.0), terra (≥ 1.7-55), tidyterra (≥ 0.5.0)
RoxygenNote: 7.3.2
Suggests: testthat
VignetteBuilder: knitr
URL: https://jcoliver.github.io/lifeR/, https://github.com/jcoliver/lifeR/
NeedsCompilation: no
Packaged: 2025-02-10 21:14:44 UTC; jcoliver
Author: Jeffrey Oliver ORCID iD [aut, cre]
Maintainer: Jeffrey Oliver <jcoliver@arizona.edu>
Repository: CRAN
Date/Publication: 2025-02-10 21:40:02 UTC

Determine if coordinate is in bounds, and if not, return valid value

Description

Determine if coordinate is in bounds, and if not, return valid value

Usage

CoordInBounds(x, latitude)

Arguments

x

numeric four coordinates of bounding box in decimal degrees

latitude

logical vector of length four indicating whether each element in x is latitude or not (i.e. is longitude)

Details

A helper function designed to keep map bounds from using invalid coordinates (latitudes outside of -90 and 90; longitudes outside of -180 and 180). Will round values to nearest valid value. A more feature-rich approach could treat longitudes a little more carefully, where values outside the range are updated with the antimeridian in mind. For example, a longitude of 182 would become -178. However, drawing polygons that include the antimeridian are a nightmare, and since that is what will be done with this helper function, it will simply round down to 180.

Value

a copy of the original numeric vector of decimal degrees, x, with any invalid values (i.e. a latitude > 90) corrected to their closest valid value

Drop species with given patterns in name

Description

Drop species with given patterns in name

Usage

DropPatterns(
  data,
  patterns = c("sp\\.", "\\/", "Domestic type", "hybrid"),
  colname = "comName"
)

Arguments

data

A data.frame with observations, likely the object from a call to RecentNearby.

patterns

Character vector of patterns in colname column to omit; interprets regular expressions.

colname

Character vector indicating column with names to search for patterns.

Details

This utility function provides a means of omitting observations of "other taxa" such as domestics, hybrids, and "sp." observations. If patterns = NULL, no rows will be dropped.

Value

Copy of data with any rows that has values in colname that match values in patterns.

Examples

df <- data.frame(comName = c("Mallard", "Mallard x Mexican Duck hybrid", "Verdin"),
                 date = c("2021-01-09", "2021-01-09", "2021-01-09"))
df <- DropPatterns(data = df)

Map of sites with highest number of missing species

Description

Map of sites with highest number of missing species

Usage

MapSites(sites, center_lng = NULL, center_lat = NULL)

Arguments

sites

A data.frame with at least the following columns:

locName

Name of the location.

locId

eBird identifier of the location.

num_new

Number of new species at site

lat

Numeric latitude in decimal degrees

lng

Numeric longitude in decimal degrees

center_lng

center_lat numeric decimal degrees longitude and latitude of the geographic center used for searching sites.

Details

The function is primarily used by SitesReport via the template RMarkdown file used to build reports. It is not intended for standalone use.

Value

A ggplot object; if map server is unavailable, returns NULL.

Examples

## Not run: 
  # Create data frame with required columns
  localities <- data.frame(locName = c("Sweetwater Wetlands", "Reid Park"),
  locID = c("L208918", "L227274"), num_new = c(3, 5),
  lat = c(32.279, 32.210), lng = c(-111.022, -110.924))
  lifeR::MapSites(sites = localities)

## End(Not run)

Recent nearby eBird observations

Description

Recent nearby eBird observations

Usage

RecentNearby(
  key,
  lat = 32.241,
  lng = -110.938,
  dist = 50,
  back = 4,
  hotspot = TRUE,
  include_provisional = FALSE,
  max_tries = 5,
  timeout_sec = 30,
  verbose = TRUE
)

Arguments

key

Character eBird API key.

lat

Numeric latitude; use negative values for southern latitudes (i.e. -46.86, not "46.86 S).

lng

Numeric longitude; use negative values for western longitudes (i.e. -72.08, not "72.08 W").

dist

Numeric radius in kilometers of distance from geographic center point given by lat and lng from which to return recent observations.

back

Integer number of days back to search for observations.

hotspot

Logical indicating whether or not to restrict results to hotspot locations.

include_provisional

Logical indicating whether or not to include observations which have not yet been reviewed.

max_tries

Integer maximum number of query attempts to try.

timeout_sec

Integer time to allow before query is aborted.

verbose

Logical determining whether or not to print messages during queries.

Details

The function uses the eBird API (see https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/664302/S1ENwy59/) to query recent sightings. Queries to the eBird API require a user key; more information on obtaining a key can be found at the eBird API documentation.

Value

An object of class "recent_obs" with the following elements:

query_type

The type of query performed.

query_parameters

List of query parameters passed in request.

obs

data frame of observations returned from query; if no observations are returned, obs is NULL

. Columns include:

speciesCode

The (usually) six-letter species code, see https://science.ebird.org/en/use-ebird-data/the-ebird-taxonomy/

comName

Species' common name.

sciName

Species' scientific name.

locId

eBird identifier of the location.

locName

Name of the location.

obsDt

Observation date as character string in the format "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM".

howMany

Number of individuals.

lat

Decimal latitude.

lng

Decimal longitude.

obsValid

Logical indicating if observation marked as valid.

obsReviewed

Logical indicating if observation has been reviewed.

locationPrivate

Logical indicating whether or not location is designated as private.

subId

Checklist ID for this observation.

Examples

## Not run: 
  # Read eBird key in from file
  key <- scan(file = "ebird-key.txt", what = "character")
  # Search for observations 5 km from lat/lng coordinates
  recent <- RecentNearby(key = key, lat = 32.28, lng = -111.02, dist = 5)

## End(Not run)

Retrieve recent nearby observations of a species

Description

Retrieve recent nearby observations of a species

Usage

RecentNearbySpecies(
  key,
  species_code,
  lat = 32.241,
  lng = -110.938,
  dist = 50,
  back = 4,
  hotspot = TRUE,
  include_provisional = FALSE,
  max_tries = 5,
  timeout_sec = 30,
  verbose = TRUE
)

Arguments

key

Character eBird API key.

species_code

Species code for species of interest; usually a six-character string such as "purmar" or "batpig". See https://science.ebird.org/en/use-ebird-data/the-ebird-taxonomy/ for more information.

lat

Numeric decimal degree latitude; use negative values for southern latitudes (i.e. -46.86, not "46.86 S").

lng

Numeric decimal degree longitude; use negative values for western longitudes (i.e. -72.08, not "72.08 W").

dist

Numeric radius in kilometers of distance from geographic center point given by lat and lng from which to return recent observations of a species.

back

Integer number of days back to search for observations.

hotspot

Logical indicating whether or not to restrict results to hotspot locations.

include_provisional

Logical indicating whether or not to include observations which have not yet been reviewed.

max_tries

Integer maximum number of query attempts to try.

timeout_sec

Integer time to allow before query is aborted.

verbose

Logical determining whether or not to print messages during queries.

Details

The function uses the eBird API (see https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/664302/S1ENwy59/) to query recent sightings of a species. Queries to the eBird API require a user key; you can request an eBird API key by logging into your eBird account and navigating to https://ebird.org/api/keygen/. See examples and vignette for using your eBird API key.

Value

An object of class "recent_obs" with the following elements:

query_type

The type of query performed.

query_parameters

List of query parameters passed in request, including the species code.

obs

Data frame of observations returned from query; if no observations are returned, obs is NULL. Columns include:

speciesCode

The (usually) six-letter species code, see https://science.ebird.org/en/use-ebird-data/the-ebird-taxonomy/

comName

Species' common name.

sciName

Species' scientific name.

locId

eBird identifier of the location.

locName

Name of the location.

obsDt

Observation date as character string in the format "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM".

howMany

Number of individuals.

lat

Decimal latitude.

lng

Decimal longitude.

obsValid

Logical indicating if observation marked as valid.

obsReviewed

Logical indicating if observation has been reviewed.

locationPrivate

Logical indicating whether or not location is designated as private.

subId

Checklist ID for this observation.

Examples

## Not run: 
  # Read eBird key in from file
  key <- scan(file = "ebird-key.txt", what = "character")
  # Search for observations of Verdin within 5 km from lat/lng coordinates
  recent <- RecentNearbySpecies(key = key, species_code = "verdin",
                                lat = 32.28, lng = -111.02, dist = 5)

## End(Not run)

Create report for sites with most unseen species

Description

Create report for sites with most unseen species

Usage

SitesReport(
  centers,
  ebird_key,
  species_seen,
  center_names = NULL,
  report_filename = "Goals-Report",
  report_dir = getwd(),
  report_format = c("html", "pdf"),
  max_sites = 5,
  dist = 50,
  back = 4,
  hotspot = TRUE,
  include_provisional = FALSE,
  max_tries = 5,
  timeout_sec = 30,
  messages = c("minimal", "none", "verbose"),
  drop_patterns = c("sp\\.", "\\/", "Domestic type", "hybrid"),
  include_maps = TRUE
)

Arguments

centers

Numeric vector or matrix of latitude and longitude coordinates; vector should be of length 2, e.g. c(latitude, longitude), while matrix should have two columns (first column is latitude, second column is longitude).

ebird_key

Character vector with eBird API key.

species_seen

Character vector of species that have already been seen.

center_names

Character vector of names to use for each pair of latitude and longitude coordinates in centers.

report_filename

Name of output file without file extension (see report_format); e.g. if report_filename is "sites-2021" and report_format is "html", the report will be saved to sites-2021.html.

report_dir

Destination folder for the output file; if NULL, report will be saved to working directory.

report_format

File format for report; takes one of two values: "html" or "pdf".

max_sites

Maximum number of sites to return for each pair of coordinates defined in centers; maximum is 12.

dist

Numeric radius in kilometers of distance from each geographic center point defined by coordinates in centers from which to return recent observations.

back

Number of days back to search for observations.

hotspot

Logical indicating whether or not to restrict results to hotspot locations.

include_provisional

Logical indicating whether not to include observations which have not yet been reviewed.

max_tries

Maximum number of query attempts to try (only for expert use).

timeout_sec

Integer time to allow before query is aborted (only for expert use).

messages

Character indicating the degree to which messages are printed during the report assembly process. Options are "minimal", "none", or "verbose".

drop_patterns

Character vector of patterns in species' names to exclude certain species from consideration, such as domesticated species, hybrids, and observations not identified to species level (e.g. "Toxostoma sp."). The function uses grep with fixed = FALSE to identify which species to exclude, hence the backslashes in the default values in drop_patterns.

include_maps

Logical vector indicating whether or not to draw maps of identified sites; should be length 1 or the number of centers (i.e. same length as centers if centers is a vector, same number of rows as centers if centers is a matrix).

Details

The function uses the eBird API (see https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/664302/S1ENwy59/) to build the report. Queries to the eBird API require a user key; you can request an eBird API key by logging into your eBird account and navigating to https://ebird.org/api/keygen/. See examples and vignette for using your eBird API key.

Value

Silently returns a list with two named elements:

results_list

A list where each element is a list of the results of queries for a center. Each element is a list with two named elements:

center_info

A list with latitude (lat), longitude (longitude), and name name of the geographic center.

results

A tibble of observations from the top sites (with a maximum number of sites defined by max_sites).

report_details

A list containing the settings used to build this report, such as days back and distances.

Examples

## Not run: 
  # Read in data downloaded from eBird
  list_file <- system.file("extdata", "example-list.csv", package = "lifeR")
  user_list <- read.csv(file = list_file)
  # Only common names are required
  my_species <- user_list$Common.Name
  # Read in eBird API key from a text file
  key <- scan(file = "ebird-key.txt", what = "character")

  # A single center requires vector of coordinates
  locs <- c(45, -109)
  SitesReport(centers = locs, ebird_key = key, 
  species_seen = my_species)
  
  # For multiple centers, pass a matrix to centers argument
  loc_mat <- matrix(data = c(33, -109, 39, -119.1), nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)
  loc_names <- c("Brushy Mountain", "Yerington")
  SitesReport(centers = loc_mat, ebird_key = key, 
  species_seen = my_species, center_names = loc_names)

## End(Not run)

Split vector of names into two-column data frame

Description

Split vector of names into two-column data frame

Usage

SplitNames(x, delim = " - ")

Arguments

x

Vector of species names, in the format "Common Name - Scientific name".

delim

Character separator that delimits common from scientific names.

Details

Names from eBird are returned in a single column as: "Snow Goose - Anser caerulescens". This function provides a means of separating the common name ("Snow Goose") from the scientific name ("Anser caerulescens") into two separate columns.

Value

A data.frame of two columns, Common and Scientific.

Examples

# Read in data downloaded from eBird
user_file <- system.file("extdata", "example-list.csv", package = "lifeR")
user_list <- read.csv(file = user_file)
# Retrieve a two-column data frame with common names and scientific names
species_seen <- SplitNames(x = user_list$Species)
# If only common names are required, refer to \code{Common} column
species_seen <- SplitNames(x = user_list$Species)$Common

Print recent_obs object

Description

Print recent_obs object

Usage

## S3 method for class 'recent_obs'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

x

An object of class recent_obs.

Value

No return value, called to print summary of a recent_obs object

Summary of recent_obs object

Description

Summary of recent_obs object

Usage

## S3 method for class 'recent_obs'
summary(object, ...)

Arguments

object

An object of class "recent_obs".

Value

No return value, called to print summary of a recent_obs object

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