Package {inflateR}

Title: Inflation Adjustment for Historical Currency Values
Version: 0.2.0
Description: Convert historical monetary values into their present-day equivalents using bundled CPI (Consumer Price Index) and GDP deflator data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators. Supports British pounds (GBP), Australian dollars (AUD), US dollars (USD), Euro (EUR), Canadian dollars (CAD), Japanese yen (JPY), Chinese yuan (CNY), Swiss francs (CHF), New Zealand dollars (NZD), Indian rupees (INR), South Korean won (KRW), Brazilian reais (BRL), and Norwegian krone (NOK). Currency codes and country names are both accepted as input.
License: MIT + file LICENSE
Encoding: UTF-8
Language: en-US
URL: https://charlescoverdale.github.io/inflateR/, https://github.com/charlescoverdale/inflateR
BugReports: https://github.com/charlescoverdale/inflateR/issues
RoxygenNote: 7.3.3
LazyData: true
Depends: R (≥ 3.5.0)
Suggests: testthat (≥ 3.0.0)
Config/testthat/edition: 3
NeedsCompilation: no
Packaged: 2026-09-09 10:07:32 UTC; charlescoverdale
Author: Charles Coverdale [aut, cre]
Maintainer: Charles Coverdale <charlesfcoverdale@gmail.com>
Repository: CRAN
Date/Publication: 2026-09-09 10:40:20 UTC

inflateR: Inflation Adjustment for Historical Currency Values

Description

Convert historical monetary values into their present-day equivalents using bundled CPI (Consumer Price Index) and GDP deflator data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators. Supports British pounds (GBP), Australian dollars (AUD), US dollars (USD), Euro (EUR), Canadian dollars (CAD), Japanese yen (JPY), Chinese yuan (CNY), Swiss francs (CHF), New Zealand dollars (NZD), Indian rupees (INR), South Korean won (KRW), Brazilian reais (BRL), and Norwegian krone (NOK). Currency codes and country names are both accepted as input.

Author(s)

Maintainer: Charles Coverdale charlesfcoverdale@gmail.com

See Also

Useful links:

Adjust a historical monetary value for inflation

Description

Converts an amount from a historical year into its equivalent value in a target year, using bundled CPI data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators. Supports GBP, AUD, USD, EUR, CAD, JPY, CNY, CHF, NZD, INR, KRW, BRL, and NOK.

Usage

adjust_inflation(amount, from_year, currency, to_year = NULL, round = 2)

Arguments

amount

Numeric (scalar or vector). The original monetary amount(s).

from_year

Integer. The year the amount is from.

currency

Character. A currency code or country name. Accepted codes: "GBP", "AUD", "USD", "EUR", "CAD", "JPY", "CNY", "CHF", "NZD", "INR", "KRW", "BRL", "NOK". Country names are also accepted, e.g. "Australia", "United States", "Japan", "New Zealand", "India", "Norway" (case-insensitive).

to_year

Integer. The target year to adjust to. Defaults to the latest available year in the data.

round

Integer or NULL. Number of decimal places to round to (default 2). Use NULL for full precision.

Value

A numeric value (or vector) representing the inflation-adjusted amount.

See Also

Other CPI adjustment: historical_value()

Examples

# What is £12 from 1963 worth today?
adjust_inflation(12, 1963, "GBP")

# What is AUD 50 from 1980 worth in 2000?
adjust_inflation(50, 1980, "AUD", to_year = 2000)

# Full precision
adjust_inflation(100, 2000, "USD", to_year = 2020, round = NULL)

Adjust a monetary value using a GDP deflator

Description

Converts an amount between two years using GDP deflator data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Suitable for adjusting GDP figures, government expenditure, and other macroeconomic aggregates. For adjusting personal or consumer values (wages, prices of goods), use adjust_inflation which uses CPI instead.

Usage

adjust_real(amount, from_year, currency, to_year = NULL, round = 2)

Arguments

amount

Numeric (scalar or vector). The original monetary amount(s).

from_year

Integer. The year the amount is from.

currency

Character. A currency code or country name. Accepted codes: "GBP", "AUD", "USD", "EUR", "CAD", "JPY", "CNY", "CHF", "NZD", "INR", "KRW", "BRL", "NOK". Country names are also accepted, e.g. "Australia", "United States", "Japan", "Switzerland" (case-insensitive).

to_year

Integer. The target year to adjust to. Defaults to the latest available year in the deflator series.

round

Integer or NULL. Number of decimal places to round to (default 2). Use NULL for full precision.

Details

The GDP deflator measures price changes across all goods and services produced in an economy, unlike CPI which tracks a fixed consumer basket. Key differences from CPI:

Use the GDP deflator when comparing macroeconomic aggregates (GDP, government spending, investment) across time. Use adjust_inflation for personal or consumer values.

Value

A numeric value (or vector) representing the deflator-adjusted amount.

See Also

Other GDP deflator adjustment: historical_real()

Examples

# Adjust UK GDP from 1990 to today using GDP deflator
adjust_real(500000, 1990, "GBP")

# Compare US government spending in 2000 vs 2020 terms
adjust_real(1000000, 2000, "USD", to_year = 2020)

Australian CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for Australia, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

aud_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Australian GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for Australia, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

aud_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

Brazilian CPI Data (1990-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for Brazil, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100. Data availability begins in 1990.

Usage

brl_cpi

Format

A data frame with 36 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Brazilian GDP Deflator Data (1990-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for Brazil, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

brl_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 36 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

Canadian CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for Canada, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

cad_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Canadian GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for Canada, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

cad_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

Swiss CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for Switzerland, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

chf_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Swiss GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for Switzerland, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

chf_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

Chinese CPI Data (1986-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for China, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100. Data availability begins in 1986.

Usage

cny_cpi

Format

A data frame with 40 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Chinese GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for China, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

cny_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

Euro Area CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for Germany, used as a proxy for the Euro (EUR). Sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

eur_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Details

Note: The Euro area aggregate is not available in WDI. Germany is used as a proxy as it is the largest Eurozone economy and was the monetary anchor (Deutsche Mark) prior to the Euro's introduction in 1999.

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Euro Area GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for Germany, used as a proxy for the Euro (EUR). Sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

eur_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

Convert a value to its historical equivalent using a GDP deflator

Description

Takes a monetary amount from a recent year and returns what it would have been worth in a specified historical year, using GDP deflator data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). This is the inverse of adjust_real.

Usage

historical_real(amount, to_year, currency, from_year = NULL, round = 2)

Arguments

amount

Numeric (scalar or vector). The monetary amount(s) in the reference year.

to_year

Integer. The historical year to convert back to.

currency

Character. Currency code ("GBP", "AUD", "USD", "EUR", "CAD", "JPY", "CNY", "CHF", "NZD", "INR", "KRW", "BRL", "NOK") or country name ("Australia", "United States", etc.) — case-insensitive.

from_year

Integer. The year the amount is from. Defaults to the latest year available in the deflator series.

round

Integer or NULL. Number of decimal places to round to (default 2). Use NULL for full precision.

Details

For converting consumer or personal values, use historical_value which uses CPI instead.

Value

A numeric value (or vector) representing the historical equivalent amount.

See Also

Other GDP deflator adjustment: adjust_real()

Examples

# What would UK GDP of £2 trillion today have been in 1990 terms?
historical_real(2e12, 1990, "GBP")

# What would USD 1 trillion in 2020 have been worth in 2000?
historical_real(1e12, 2000, "USD", from_year = 2020)

Convert a present-day value to its historical equivalent

Description

Takes a monetary amount from a recent year and returns what it would have been worth in a specified historical year, using bundled CPI data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators. Supports GBP, AUD, USD, EUR, CAD, JPY, CNY, CHF, NZD, INR, KRW, BRL, and NOK.

Usage

historical_value(amount, to_year, currency, from_year = NULL, round = 2)

Arguments

amount

Numeric (scalar or vector). The monetary amount(s) in the reference year.

to_year

Integer. The historical year to convert back to.

currency

Character. Currency code ("GBP", "AUD", "USD", "EUR", "CAD", "JPY", "CNY", "CHF", "NZD", "INR", "KRW", "BRL", "NOK") or country name ("Australia", "United States", etc.) — case-insensitive.

from_year

Integer. The year the amount is from. Defaults to the latest year available in the data.

round

Integer or NULL. Number of decimal places to round to (default 2). Use NULL for full precision.

Value

A numeric value (or vector) representing the historical equivalent amount.

See Also

Other CPI adjustment: adjust_inflation()

Examples

# What would £100 today have been worth in 1963?
historical_value(100, 1963, "GBP")

# What would USD 500 in 2020 have been worth in 1980?
historical_value(500, 1980, "USD", from_year = 2020)

Calculate the inflation rate between two years

Description

Returns the cumulative or annualised inflation rate between two years, using bundled CPI data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators.

Usage

inflation_rate(from_year, to_year = NULL, currency, annualise = FALSE)

Arguments

from_year

Integer. The starting year.

to_year

Integer. The ending year. Defaults to the latest available year in the data.

currency

Character. A currency code or country name (case-insensitive). See adjust_inflation for accepted values.

annualise

Logical. If TRUE, returns the annualised (compound annual) rate. If FALSE (default), returns the cumulative rate.

Value

A numeric value representing the inflation rate as a proportion (e.g. 0.35 means 35\

Examples

# Cumulative US inflation from 2000 to 2020
inflation_rate(2000, 2020, "USD")

# Annualised UK inflation from 1990 to 2020
inflation_rate(1990, 2020, "GBP", annualise = TRUE)

Indian CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for India, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

inr_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Indian GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for India, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

inr_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

Japanese CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for Japan, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

jpy_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Japanese GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for Japan, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

jpy_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

South Korean CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for South Korea, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

krw_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

South Korean GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for South Korea, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

krw_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

List supported currencies and data coverage

Description

Returns a data frame showing all supported currencies, the country they represent, and the year range available for both CPI and GDP deflator data.

Usage

list_currencies()

Value

A data frame with columns:

currency

ISO currency code (character)

country

Country or area name (character)

cpi_start

First year of CPI data (integer)

cpi_end

Last year of CPI data (integer)

deflator_start

First year of GDP deflator data (integer)

deflator_end

Last year of GDP deflator data (integer)

Examples

list_currencies()

Norwegian CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for Norway, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

nok_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

Norwegian GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for Norway, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

nok_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

New Zealand CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for New Zealand, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

nzd_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

New Zealand GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for New Zealand, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

nzd_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

UK CPI Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for the United Kingdom, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

uk_cpi

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

UK GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for the United Kingdom, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100. Use for adjusting macroeconomic aggregates (GDP, government spending, investment). For consumer values, use uk_cpi instead.

Usage

uk_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

US CPI Data (1960-2024)

Description

Annual Consumer Price Index for the United States, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: FP.CPI.TOTL). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

usd_cpi

Format

A data frame with 65 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

CPI index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL

US GDP Deflator Data (1960-2025)

Description

Annual GDP deflator for the United States, sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators (indicator: NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS). Rescaled so that 2020 = 100.

Usage

usd_gdp_def

Format

A data frame with 66 rows and 2 columns:

year

Calendar year (integer)

index

GDP deflator index value (numeric, base 2020 = 100)

Source

World Bank Open Data https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS

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