Type:	Package
Title:	Download and Processing of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) Data of INMET-Brazil
Version:	0.4.0
Language:	en-US
Description:	A collection of functions for downloading and processing automatic weather station (AWS) data from INMET (Brazil’s National Institute of Meteorology), designed to support the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The package facilitates streamlined access to meteorological data and aims to simplify analyses in agricultural and environmental contexts.
License:	GPL-3
Encoding:	UTF-8
Depends:	R (≥ 4.1.0)
Imports:	stringr, readxl, dplyr(≥ 0.3.0.1), tibble, lubridate, sf, stringi, terra
BugReports:	https://github.com/FilgueirasR/BrazilMet/issues
RoxygenNote:	7.3.2
NeedsCompilation:	no
Packaged:	2025-05-23 14:26:31 UTC; betof
Author:	Roberto Filgueiras [aut, cre], Luan P. Venancio [aut], Catariny C. Aleman [aut], Fernando F. da Cunha [aut], Arthur T. Calegario [ctb]
Maintainer:	Roberto Filgueiras <betofilgueiras@gmail.com>
Repository:	CRAN
Date/Publication:	2025-05-23 20:02:07 UTC

Atmospheric pressure (Patm)

Description

Atmospheric pressure (Patm)

Usage

Patm(z)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame object with the atmospheric pressure calculated.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
Patm <- Patm(z)

## End(Not run)

Correction for Thorntwaite - Potential evapotranspiration

Description

Correction for Thorntwaite - Potential evapotranspiration

Usage

correction_etp_thornwaite(etp, date, lat)

Arguments

Value

Returns a vector object with the Thorntwaite ETp corrected for sunlight hours and the number of days in the month.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras.

Examples

## Not run: 
etp_cor <- correction_etp_thornwaite(etp, date, lat)

## End(Not run)

ETo calculation based on FAO-56 Penman-Monteith methodology, with data from automatic weather stations (AWS) downloaded and processed in function *daily_download_AWS_INMET*

Description

This function will calculate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) based on FAO-56 (Allen et al., 1998) with the automatic weather stations (AWS) data, downloaded and processed in function *daily_download_AWS_INMET*.

Usage

daily_eto_FAO56(lat, tmin, tmax, tmean, Rs, u2, Patm, RH_max, RH_min, z, date)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame with the AWS data requested

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
eto <- daily_eto_FAO56(lat, tmin, tmax, tmean, Rs, u2, Patm, RH_max, RH_min, z, date)

## End(Not run)

Design reference evapotranspiration (Design ETo)

Description

Function to calculate the reference evapotranspitation for irrigation design.

Usage

design_eto(eto_daily_data, percentile = 0.8, grouping = NULL)

Arguments

Value

Returns a numeric object with the desing ETo for the respective data and percentile.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras

Examples

## Not run: 
design_eto_value <- design_eto(eto, percentile)

## End(Not run)

Download of hourly data from automatic weather stations (AWS) of INMET-Brazil in daily aggregates

Description

This function will download the hourly AWS data of INMET and it will aggregate the data in a daily time scale, based on the period of time selected (start_date and end_date).

Usage

download_AWS_INMET_daily(stations, start_date, end_date)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame with the AWS data requested

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
df <- download_AWS_INMET_daily(
  stations = c("A001", "A042"),
  start_date = "2016-01-01",
  end_date = "2018-12-31"
)

## End(Not run)

Download climatological normals from Conventional weather stations (CWS) of Inmet

Description

This function will download the climatological normals from CWS stations available in Inmet site.

Usage

download_climate_normals(variable, range_time)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame with climatological normal required.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras

Examples

## Not run: 
df <- download_climate_normals(
  variable = "rainfall_norm",
  range_time = "1991-2020"
)

## End(Not run)

Actual vapour pressure (ea) derived from dewpoint temperature

Description

Actual vapour pressure (ea) derived from dewpoint temperature

Usage

ea_dew_calculation(tdew)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame object with the ea from dewpoint data.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha.

Examples

## Not run: 
ea <-ea_dew_calculation(tdew).

## End(Not run)

Actual vapour pressure (ea) derived from relative humidity data

Description

Actual vapour pressure (ea) derived from relative humidity data

Usage

ea_rh_calculation(tmin, tmax, rh_min, rh_mean, rh_max)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame object with the with ea from relative humidity data.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
ea <- ea_rh_calculation(tmin, tmax, rh_min, rh_mean, rh_max)

## End(Not run)

Mean saturation vapour pressure (es)

Description

Mean saturation vapour pressure (es)

Usage

es_calculation(tmin, tmax)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame object with the es data.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha.

Examples

## Not run: 
es <-es_calculation(tmin, tmax)

## End(Not run)

Vapour pressure deficit (es - ea)

Description

Vapour pressure deficit (es - ea)

Usage

es_ea_calculation(tmin, tmax, tdew, rh_min, rh_mean, rh_max, ea_method)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame object with the ea from relative humidity data.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
ea <- es_ea_calculation(tmin, tmax, tdew, rh_min, rh_mean, rh_max, ea_method)

## End(Not run)

Hargreaves - Samani ETo

Description

Hargreaves - Samani ETo

Usage

eto_hs(tmin, tmean, tmax, ra)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame object with the ETo HS data

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
eto_hs <- eto_hs(tmin, tmean, tmax, ra)

## End(Not run)

Thorntwaite - Potential evapotranspiration

Description

Thorntwaite - Potential evapotranspiration

Usage

etp_thorntwaite(tmean)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame object with the Thorntwaite ETp data

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras.

Examples

## Not run: 
etp <- etp_thorntwaite(tmean)

## End(Not run)

Get Max Reference Evapotranspiration Values by Geographic Location

Description

Extract maximum reference evapotranspiration (max ETo) values for one or more locations of interest, using data from the dataset provided by Dias (2018).

Usage

get_max_eto_at_location(img, lat, long)

Arguments

Value

A 'data.frame' object containing the maximum reference evapotranspiration (ETo) values per pair of coordinates.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras.

Examples

## Not run: 
# Visualize Brazilian states (optional)

max_eto_df <- get_max_reference_eto_by_location(img, 
                                                long = c(-51.95, -43.23),
                                                lat = c(-23.52, -21.34))

## End(Not run)

Download of hourly data from automatic weather stations (AWS) of INMET-Brazil

Description

This function will download the hourly AWS data of INMET for whatever station of interest, based on the period of time selected (start_date and end_date) and station code.

Usage

hourly_weather_station_download(stations, start_date, end_date)

Arguments

Value

Returns a data.frame with the AWS data requested

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras

Examples

## Not run: 
df <- hourly_weather_station_download(
                                      stations = c("A001", "A042"),
                                      start_date = "2022-08-12",
                                      end_date = "2022-08-16")

## End(Not run)

Download maximum reference evapotranspiration (ETo) grids for Brazil

Description

Downloads maximum reference evapotranspiration (ETo) grids for Brazil, intended for irrigation design purposes. The dataset was developed by Dias (2018).

Usage

max_eto_grid_download(dir_out, product = "max_12_months")

Arguments

Value

A 'SpatRaster' object containing the downloaded maximum reference evapotranspiration (ETo) grid.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras.

References

Dias, S. H. B. (2018). *Evapotranspiração de referência para projeto de irrigação no Brasil utilizando o produto MOD16*. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Viçosa.

Examples

## Not run: 
# Visualize Brazilian states (optional)
see_brazil_states()

# Download maximum ETo grid (annual)
img_max_eto <- max_eto_grid_download(dir_out = "data/", product = "max_12_months")

## End(Not run)

Psychrometric constant

Description

Psychrometric constant (kPa/Celsius) is calculated in this function.

Usage

psy_const(Patm)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with the psychrometric constant calculated.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
psy_df <- psy_const(Patm)

## End(Not run)

Extraterrestrial radiation for daily periods (ra)

Description

ra is expressed in MJ m-2 day-1

Usage

ra_calculation(latitude, date)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame with the extraterrestrial radiation for daily periods

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
ra <- ra_calculation(latitude, date)

## End(Not run)

Conversion factors for radiation

Description

Function to convert the radiation data. The conversion name can be understand as follow:

• conversion_1 = MJ m-2 day-1 to J cm-2 day-1;

• conversion_2 = MJ m-2 day-1 to cal cm-2 day-1;

• conversion_3 = MJ m-2 day-1 to W m-2;

• conversion_4 = MJ m-2 day-1 to mm day-1;

• conversion_5 = cal cm-2 day-1 to MJ m-2 day-1;

• conversion_6 = cal cm-2 day-1 to J cm-2 day-1;

• conversion_7 = cal cm-2 day-1 to W m-2;

• conversion_8 = cal cm-2 day-1 to mm day-1;

• conversion_9 = W m-2 to MJ m-2 day-1;

• conversion_10 = W m-2 to J cm-2 day-1;

• conversion_11 = W m-2 to cal cm-2 day-1;

• conversion_12 = W m-2 to mm day-1;

• conversion_13 = mm day-1 to MJ m-2 day-1;

• conversion_14 = mm day-1 to J cm-2 day-1;

• conversion_15 = mm day-1 to cal cm-2 day-1;

• conversion_16 = mm day-1 to W m-2.

Usage

radiation_conversion(data_to_convert, conversion_name)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object wit the converted radiation.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
radiation_conversion_df <- radiation_conversion(
  data_to_convert = df$rad,
  conversion_name = "conversion_1"
)

## End(Not run)

Relative humidity (rh) calculation

Description

Relative humidity is calculated in this function based on minimum air temperature of the day and the air temperature of the moment.

Usage

rh_calculation(tmin, tmean)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with the relative humidity calculated

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
rh <- rh_calculation(tmin, tmean)

## End(Not run)

Net radiation (rn)

Description

The net radiation (MJ m-2 day-1) is the difference between the incoming net shortwave radiation (rns) and the outgoing net longwave radiation (rnl).

Usage

rn_calculation(rns, rnl)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with the net radiation data.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
rn <- rn_calculation(rns, rnl)

## End(Not run)

Net longwave radiation (rnl)

Description

Net outgoing longwave radiation is calculate with this function

Usage

rnl_calculation(tmin, tmax, ea, rs, rso)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with the net longwave radiation.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
rnl_df <- rnl_calculation(tmin, tmax, ea, rs, rso)

## End(Not run)

Net solar or net shortwave radiation (rns)

Description

The rns results form the balance between incoming and reflected solar radiation (MJ m-2 day-1).

Usage

rns_calculation(albedo, rs)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with the net solar or net shortwave radiation data.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
ra <- rns_calculation(albedo, rs)

## End(Not run)

Solar radiation data from a nearby weather station

Description

The solar radiation data is calculated based in a nearby weather station.

Usage

rs_nearby_calculation(rs_reg, ra_reg, ra)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with the Solar radiation data based on a nearby weather station

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
rs_nearby_df <- rs_nearby_calculation(rs_reg, ra_reg, ra)

## End(Not run)

Clear-sky solar radiation with calibrated values available

Description

Clear-sky solar radiation is calculated in this function for near sea level or when calibrated values for as and bs are available.

Usage

rso_calculation_1(as, bs, ra)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with the clear-sky radiation data

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
rso_df <- rso_calculation_1(as, bs, ra)

## End(Not run)

Clear-sky solar radiation when calibrated values are not available

Description

Clear-sky solar radiation is calculated in this function for near sea level or when calibrated values for as and bs are available.

Usage

rso_calculation_2(z, ra)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with the clear-sky solar radiation

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
rso_df <- rso_calculation_2(z, ra)

## End(Not run)

Localization of the automatic weather station of INMET

Description

Function to see the localization of the automatic weather station of INMET.

Usage

see_stations_info()

Value

A data.frame with informations of OMM code, latitude, longitude and altitude of all AWS stations available in INMET.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
see_stations_info()

## End(Not run)

Select Automatic Weather Stations

Description

Select automatic weather stations of INMET based on sf object.

Usage

selectAWSstations(aoi, as_sf = FALSE)

Arguments

Value

a vector or sf object with station located at area of interest (aoi)

Examples

## Not run: 

es = geobr::read_municipality(code_muni = "ES")

esStations = selectStations(aoi = es, as_sf = F); es



## End(Not run)

Solar radiation based in Angstrom formula (sr_ang)

Description

If global radiation is not measure at station, it can be estimated with this function.

Usage

sr_ang_calculation(latitude, date, n, as, bs)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with solar radiation data

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
sr_ang <- sr_ang_calculation(latitude, date, n, as, bs)

## End(Not run)

Solar radiation data derived from air temperature differences

Description

If global radiation is not measure at station, it can be estimated with this function.

Usage

sr_tair_calculation(latitude, date, tmax, tmin, location_krs)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame object with solar radiation data

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
sr_tair <- sr_tair_calculation(latitude, date, tmax, tmin, location_krs)

## End(Not run)

Wind speed at 2 meters high

Description

Wind speed at two meters high can be calculated with this function.

Usage

u2_calculation(uz, z)

Arguments

Value

A data.frame with the wind speed at 2 meters high calculated.

Author(s)

Roberto Filgueiras, Luan P. Venancio, Catariny C. Aleman and Fernando F. da Cunha

Examples

## Not run: 
u2_df <- u2_calculation(uz, z)

## End(Not run)